Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) Exposure and Bioaccumulation Arrays in Farm Ruminants: Impact of Forage Ecotypes, Ecological Sites and Body Organs

Contamination of fodder species with elevated levels of metallic compounds holds significant epidemiological relevance, as it serves as the primary gateway for the introduction of these elements into the food chain. This investigation was directed to ascertain the ecological and health hazard of nickel contamination through various indices in food chain resulting from the dietary consumption of commonly ingested fodder crops cultivated on contaminated sites in the proximity of Sahiwal (Sargodha) and Soone Valley (Khushab), Punjab, Pakistan. Samples of water, soil, forages, ruminant’s blood, feces, and milk were collected from two sites; Soone Valley (Site_1) and Sahiwal (Site_2) in summer (Season_1) and winter (Season_2) during 2022-23, and were analyzed for nickel concentrations employing atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations of nickel were varied from 0.0125–0.0579 mg L− 1, 0.386–2.123 mg kg− 1, 0.00853–0.5784 mg kg− 1, 0.1085–0.5918 mg L− 1, 0.04664–0.2122 mg kg− 1, and 0.00820–0.2147 mg L− 1 in water, soil, forages, blood, feces, and milk, correspondingly. Highly significantly a negative correlation was observed among the soil vs fodder of Site_1 and Site_2 during both seasons. In animals, the highest nickel concentration was detected in blood of buffaloes at Site_1, while lowest in milk of cows at Site_2. Nickel concentrations were detected under standard permissible limits described by FAO/WHO. Except to BCF and EF, all the computed indices (PLI, Igeo, Eri, DIM, EDI, HRI, THQ, EDD, ECR, and ILTCR) were < 1, indicating low concentrations of nickel in soil and fodder, thus ensuring the safety of local ruminants upon ingestion during both seasons at both sites. Henceforth, strongly advocate the regular surveillance of heavy metal concentrations in the pasture grass surrounding contaminated locations is necessary. Furthermore, we suggest implementing precautionary measures to mitigate unintentional exposures of both livestock and, consequently, human beings to the deleterious effects of metal toxicity.

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Effect of fish-heavy metals contamination on the generation of reactive oxygen species and its implications on human health: a review

Wang,

Noman,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Heavy metals (HMs) contamination significantly threatens plants, animals, aquatic ecosystems, and public health. HMs’ accumulation in aquatic environments has become a serious environmental issue due to their high stability, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification properties. These metals enter ecosystems through both natural sources and/or human activities. The toxicity of HMs poses a threat to the aquaculture sector’s sustainability by negatively affecting fish growth, reproduction, and overall physiology. Exposure to HMs in various forms can cause environmental damage, which may affect human health through direct poisoning symptoms or other adverse effects. One such effect is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), crucial metabolites that modulate the functions of pathogenic organisms and lead to oxidative stress. This, in turn, can contribute to the onset and exacerbation of numerous diseases that threaten human health. This review article examines the potential sources of HMs contamination in aquatic organisms, the impact of this contamination on the generation of ROS, and the implications for human health resulting from the consumption of contaminated aquatic products.

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Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) Exposure and Bioaccumulation Arrays in Farm Ruminants: Impact of Forage Ecotypes, Ecological Sites and Body Organs

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Sodium nitroprusside, a donor of nitric oxide, enhances arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with corn plant and mitigates Cd bioavailability in the rhizosphere

Sodium nitroprusside, a donor of nitric oxide, enhances arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with corn plant and mitigates Cd bioavailability in the rhizosphere

Pollution indices as useful tools for comparative potential health risks of nickel in water-soil-fodder-animals food chain in relation to spatial and temporal fluctuations

Effect of fish-heavy metals contamination on the generation of reactive oxygen species and its implications on human health: a review

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