Cadmium Distribution and Chemical Fate in Soybean Plants

Cataldo, D.A.; Garland, T.; Wildung, R. E.

doi:10.1104/pp.68.4.835

Cited by 132 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the present study, it was found that Cd and Zn accumulated more in roots than in shoots. Similar results have been reported by several investigators in different species of plants 1,27,[31][32][33][34][35][36] . The differences in the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals have been related to differences in their root morphology 37 .…”

Section: Scienceasia Scienceasia Scienceasiasupporting

confidence: 91%

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Panyakhan¹,

Kruatrachue²,

Pokethitiyook³

et al. 2006

ScienceAsia

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ABSTRACT:The aquatic plant, Hydrocotyle umbellata, was tested for toxicity and accumulation of Cd and Zn under laboratory conditions. H. umbellata were cultured in modified 10% Hoagland solution supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mg/L Cd and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 50 mg/L Zn and were separately harvested after 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The toxicity symptoms of H. umbellata exposed to Cd and Zn at different concentrations and exposure times were stunted growth and chlorosis in leaves. Finally, some plants died at higher concentrations of metals. The symptoms were more severe at higher metal concentrations. Cd and Zn caused significant decreases in biomass productivity and chlorophyll content when the exposure times and concentrations of both metals were increased. There were significant increases in metal levels in plant tissues when the exposure times and metal concentrations were increased. Both metals accumulated in roots more than in shoots. The high values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd (7173, at 0.2 mg/L) and Zn (1717, at 2 mg/L) on day 9 of exposure suggested that H. umbellata is a good candidate for removal of Cd and Zn from contaminated water.

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Section: Scienceasia Scienceasia Scienceasiasupporting

confidence: 91%

Untitled

Panyakhan¹,

Kruatrachue²,

Pokethitiyook³

et al. 2006

ScienceAsia

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“…As stated by Heuillet et al (10) and Rauser and Ackerley (20) possible limitations of this method are leaching of loosely bound Cd during preparation of the tissue for electron microscopy and the possibility that the amount of Cd present in forms other than electron-dense granules might be too low to be detected by x-ray microanalysis. In contrast to electron microscopy studies, methods employing cell fractionation techniques (5,33) (14).…”

Section: Subcellular Localization Of Cdbps In Tobacco Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular Localization of Cadmium and Cadmium-Binding Peptides in Tobacco Leaves

Vögeli‐Lange¹,

Wagner²

1990

Plant Physiol.

440

159

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The synthesis of Cd-binding peptides (CdBPs) was induced upon addition of 20 micromolar CdCI2 (nonphytotoxic level) to the nutrient solution of hydroponically grown tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana rustica var Pavonii). Amino acid analysis showed that the main components were -y-(GIu-Cys)3-Gly and -y-(GIu-Cys)4-Gly.Seedlings exposed to the metal for 1 week contained similar glutathione levels as found in the controls (about 0.18 micromole per gram fresh weight). If, as has been proposed, CdBPs are involved in Cd-detoxification by chelation, both metal and ligand must be localized in the same cellular compartment. To directly determine the localization of Cd and CdBPs, protoplasts and vacuoles were isolated from leaves of Cd-exposed seedlings. Purified vacuoles contained virtually all of the CdBPs and Cd found in protoplasts (104% ± 8 and 110% ± 8, respectively). CdBPs were associated with the vacuolar sap and not with the tonoplast membrane. Glutathione was observed in leaves and protoplasts but not in vacuoles. The probability that CdBPs are synthesized extravacuolarly and our finding that they and Cd are predominantly located in the vacuole suggest that these molecules might be involved in transport of Cd to the vacuole. Our results also suggest that a simple cytoplasmic chelator role for CdBPs in Cd tolerance cannot be assumed.Various mechanisms have been proposed for detoxification of potentially toxic heavy metal ions in plants. Metal ions such as Cd (also Hg, Pb, and Cu) can interfere with the plant's metabolism by binding to essential sulfhydryl groups of enzymes or structural proteins. Therefore, it seems necessary to keep the intracellular concentration of potentially toxic heavy metal ions at a low level. This can be achieved by a number ofdifferent mechanisms (31). In Cd-resistant Euglena gracilis, for instance, decreased metal uptake has been proposed as the principal mechanism of metal tolerance (1). Extracellular sequestration ofCd and active metal efflux have been reported for some bacteria (18, 32 (14). Particularly in the case ofCd toxicity, however, most attention has centered on cysteine-rich y-glutamyl peptides called CdBPs or phytochelatins which are highly induced by Cd and bind it with high affinity (8,21,25,28). In contrast to metallothioneins, which are considered to be a principal means for metal detoxification in animal systems and some fungi (31), CdBPs are not primary gene products (24). They are structurally related to GSH and their biosynthetic pathway probably involves GSH or metabolites of GSH.Several authors (8,22,25,28) have reported positive correlations between the occurrence of CdBPs and tolerance to Cd. If chelation of Cd by CdBPs in the cytosol is a principal mechanism of tolerance, then the bulk of both metal and ligand must be localized in this compartment. Current evidence concerning the subcellular localization of Cd is not entirely consistent. Rauser and Ackerley (20) found Cd associated with electron dense granules in the cytoplasm, vacuoles and nuclei of Agros...

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“…Heavy metal concentrations were reported to be higher in roots in most studies (Cataldo et al, 1981;Rauser, 1987). Normally, Zn, Cd or Ni concentrations are 10 (or more) times higher in roots than those in shoots (Chaney et al, 1997).…”

Section: Heavy Metal Accumulation In Water Hyacinthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal, Antimicrobial Activities and Application of Eichhornia crassipes Against Some Plant Pathogens

2017

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-Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is an oceanic macrophyte and one of the worst sea-going weeds in the world and Egypt. The grouping of substantial metals in water hyacinth was higher in roots than in shoots. Nutrient content e.g. ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate was higher in the shoots of water hyacinth. Water hyacinth is a wellspring of phytochemicals which have a medicinal function. In this study, the high degree of peroxidation and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems were detected in leaf extracts. The chemical analysis of the leaf extracts was performed using acetone, ethanol, methanol and n-Butyl alcohol. The fractionated extracts showed the presence of some medicine compounds that include phenols, protein, alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and terpenoids. The fractionated extracts were screened for antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The leaf extracts of E. crassipes exhibited antimicrobial activities against some bacteria: Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus casei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antifungal activity against six pathogenic fungi i.e. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Candida albicans, and Fusarium solani by using the well diffusion method. Streptomycin and Fluconazole were used as a standard as antimicrobial and antifungal agents, respectively. B. subtilis, F. solani, C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata were the most susceptible to plant extracts. The most effective antifungal and antimicrobial agent against some plant pathogens was the n-Butyl alcohol extract. Also, it reduced the production of mycotoxin e.g. Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A. The application of the formulation of the plant extract of E. crassipes protected wheat plants against net blotch diseases. The results indicated that the leaf extractsof E. crassipes have potential as biofungicides and can be used in the industry. Keywords

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Cadmium Distribution and Chemical Fate in Soybean Plants

Cited by 132 publications

References 21 publications

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Subcellular Localization of Cadmium and Cadmium-Binding Peptides in Tobacco Leaves

Phytochemical Analysis, Antifungal, Antimicrobial Activities and Application of Eichhornia crassipes Against Some Plant Pathogens

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