Cadmium exposure in adults across Europe: Results from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies survey 2014–2020

Tratnik, Janja Snoj; Kocman, David; Horvat, Milena; Andersson, Anna‐Maria; Juul, Anders; Jacobsen, E; Ólafsdóttir, Kristín; Klánová, Jana; Andryskova, Lenka; Janasik, Beata; Wąsowicz, Wojciech; Holcer, Nataša Janev; Namorado, Sónia; Coelho, Inês; Rambaud, Loı̈c; Riou, Margaux; Nieuwenhuyse, An Van; Appenzeller, B.M.R.; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Weber, Till; Esteban-López, Marta; Castaño, Argelia; Gilles, Liese; Marti, Laura Rodriguez; Schoeters, Greet; Sepai, Ovnair; Govarts, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114050

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These studies showed that the international differences between the studied European countries are modest for cadmium and lead, meaning that the urban children in the studied Eastern European countries did not have much higher exposures than children in Sweden. A later study of cadmium within the European human biomonitoring initiative HBM4EU similarly found no distinct geographic patterns for cadmium in adults' urine in an international comparison of 9 European countries [12], whereas the authors are unaware of any corresponding publications on lead or mercury. While thus European international differences in the general urban population appear to be modest, children may still be additionally exposed from local sources, and it is therefore important…”

Section: Subjects and Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It should be noted that difficulties with comparability between laboratories is a common limitation that is hard to overcome. For example, the quality control program applied in the European study of cadmium in urine [12], after taking into account what was technically feasible and realistic in current routine practice, allowed as much as ±50% variation in its interlaboratory comparison (|Z| ≤ 2, using a Z-score based on a target relative standard deviation of 25%; [18]). This problem of comparability between laboratories is a likely explanation of the fact that there are remarkably few international coherent studies that have presented data on toxic metals that are fully comparable between countries.…”

Section: Health Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A regional comparison of children’s blood cadmium, lead, and mercury in rural, urban and industrial areas of six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco

Hrubá,

Černá,

Chen

et al. 2023

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Lead affects the brain, especially its development. Associations between lead and intelligence and/or school performance have been found even at very low exposure levels, reflected by blood-lead concentrations [2,3,5]. For cadmium, recent studies suggest that the brain, the kidney and skeleton is affected [6,7]. No safe level INTRODUCTIONCadmium, lead, and mercury are classic toxic elements. Exposure occurs through ingestion and/or inhalation, which, in turn, may depend on where we live [1][2][3][4][5]. For example, urban and rural areas may differ, and local contamination, industrial or other, can potentially affect exposure.

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Section: Subjects and Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Health Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A regional comparison of children’s blood cadmium, lead, and mercury in rural, urban and industrial areas of six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco

Hrubá,

Černá,

Chen

et al. 2023

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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“…In general, diets rich in plant foods have positive health effects, and CKD patients are encouraged to adopt such a diet [ 101 ]. However, plant-based diets possibly increase the intake of toxic metals and might further increase the risk of iron deficiency in this patient group (i.e., potentially also resulting in increased uptake of these metals) [ 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Hypothesis: Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Effects Of Heavy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European Food Safety Authority reports that vegetables, grains, starchy roots, and tubers are the most significant contributors to dietary cadmium exposure [ 13 ]. Indeed, several studies have suggested that vegetarian and plant-based diets are associated with increased cadmium exposure [ 10 , 14 , 15 ]. Acute side-effects of high cadmium ingestion are gastrointestinal complaints, though a high-dose intake of cadmium through diet is uncommon [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay?

Rawee

Kremer

Nolte

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Heavy metals are common in our environment, and all individuals are exposed to them to some extent. These toxic metals have several harmful effects on the body, including the kidney, which is a very sensitive organ. Indeed, heavy metal exposure has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression, which may be explained by the well-established nephrotoxic effects of these metals. In this hypothesis and narrative literature review, we will shed light on the potential role that another highly common problem in patients with CKD, iron deficiency, may play in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in this patient group. Iron deficiency has previously been linked with an increased uptake of heavy metals in the intestine due to the upregulation of iron receptors that also take up other metals. Furthermore, recent research suggests a role of iron deficiency in the retention of heavy metals in the kidney. Therefore, we hypothesize that iron deficiency plays a crucial role in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in patients with CKD and that iron supplementation might be a strategy to combat these detrimental processes.

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“…The copper levels in blood plasma were in turn substantially higher in females than in males [ 8 ]. At the same time various geographical, sociological and behavioral factors were associated with differences in chemical body burden on single compound basis [ 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In context of children’s chemical exposure, special attention needs to be given to the chemical burden, habits and living environment of the mothers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysmeral Exposure in Children and Adolescences Participating in the German Environmental Survey (2012–2015): Integrating Sex/Gender into Analysis

Fichter

Groth

Fiedler

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Comprehensive consideration of the biological and social diversities of sex and gender as well as their interdependencies is mostly missing in human biomonitoring (HBM) studies. Using the INGER sex/gender concept as theoretical background, we analyzed differences in exposure to lysmeral, a compound commonly found as a fragrance in cosmetics, personal care, and household products, in 2294 children and adolescents in Germany using decision tree, regression, and mediation analysis. The variables “sex assigned at birth” and “age”, as well as well as use of personal care products and fabric conditioner proved to have the highest explanatory value. Mediating effects of behaviour associated with societal gender expectations were observed, as the use of cosmetics correlated highly with lysmeral metabolites concentrations in girls between 6 and 17 years, with the strongest effect in adolescents between 14 and 17 years old. In the youngest age group (3–5 years) boys showed higher concentration of the metabolite tert-butylbenzoic acid (TBBA) compared to girls of the same age but only if TBBA urine concentrations were normalized on creatinine. Our study offers the first retrospective sex/gender assessment of HBM data. It demonstrates the possibilities to rethink and broaden sex/gender analysis in existing HBM-studies and highlights the need for inclusion of new sex/gender concepts in the design of new studies.

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Cadmium exposure in adults across Europe: Results from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies survey 2014–2020

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

A regional comparison of children’s blood cadmium, lead, and mercury in rural, urban and industrial areas of six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco

A regional comparison of children’s blood cadmium, lead, and mercury in rural, urban and industrial areas of six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco

Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay?

Lysmeral Exposure in Children and Adolescences Participating in the German Environmental Survey (2012–2015): Integrating Sex/Gender into Analysis

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