Cadmium-induced alterations in blood- brain barrier permeability and its possible correlation with decreased microvessel antioxidant potential in rat

Abstract

<jats:p> 1 Male albino rats of 21 days age were exposed to 10 p.p.m. cadmium (CdCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> salt) in drinking water, ad libitum, for 90 days. It increased the brain cadmium levels by 76% ( P &lt; 0.05) and 165% ( P &lt; 0.001) respec tively at 30 and 90 days of exposure compared to controls. </jats:p><jats:p> 2 Cadmium increased blood - brain barrier permeability of fluoroscein dye (24%, P &lt; 0.02) and the levels ofbrain microvessel malondialdehyde (31%, P&lt;0.01) at 90 days of exposure. However, these parameters did not alter significantly at 30 days of exposure. </jats:p><jats:p> 3 Increased activities of microvessel superoxide dismu tase (18%, P&lt;0.02), glutathione peroxidase (20%, P&lt;0.01) and catalase (28%, P&lt;0.01) were observed at 30 days of exposure. </jats:p><jats:p> 4 The continuation of the Cd treatment for 90 days decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase (30%, P&lt;0.001), glutathione peroxidase (23%, P&lt;0.005), catalase (25%, P &lt; 0.005), glutathione reductase (18%, P &lt; 0.02), vitamin E (20%, P &lt; 0.01), glutathione (26%, P &lt; 0.01), ascorbic acid (18%, P &lt; 0.05) and ceruloplas min (13%, P&lt;0.05) in the microvessal preparation compared to controls. </jats:p><jats:p> 5 It appears that Cd-induced blood-brian barrier dysfunction may be related to the depletion of microvessel antioxidant substances along with in crease in lipid peroxidation at 90 days of exposure. </jats:p>

Vitamin E protects against oxidative damage caused by cadmium in the blood of rats

“…However, Kostić et al (11) indicated that the chronic exposure of Cd decreases the level of iron in the blood and causes the decrease of the RBC count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value. The decrease of hematocrit value in hemolyzed plasma of rats exposed to Cd indicates the increased destruction of RBCs (43,44). It was found in this work that the RBC counts decreased in Cd treated rats.…”

Impact of the copper industry on the content of selected heavy metals and biochemical indicators in the blood of dairy cows

“…Aktywność enzymów w surowicy krwi zależy w dużym stopniu od stanu fizjologicznego zwierząt, w tym stanów chorobowych, diety (żywienia), a także czynników środowiskowych, w tym obecności substancji toksycznych (18,41,42,45). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na pewne różnice między rejonami badań (tab.…”

“…Przy intoksykacji Pb aktywność tych enzymów (m.in. SOD, GSH-Px, MDA) istotnie się obniża (42). Z kolei badania Gong i Xiao (19) potwierdzają nasilenie stresu oksydacyjnego u krów na początku laktacji, co wynika ze wzrostu poziomu MDA, przy obniżeniu TAS.…”

Ameliorating Effect of Vitamin-E Against Cadmium (Cd) Induced Brain Oxidative Damage in Albino Rats.

“…Cd also enhances the production of free radicals in the brain of adult rats and interferes with the antioxidant defense system that in turn leads to a Cd-induced alteration of the structural integrity of lipids (Shukla et al, 1996). In adult rats exposed to Cd, there was an increase of LP in the corpus striatum and cerebral cortex (Pal et al, 1993).…”