Cadmium induces caspase-independent apoptosis in liver Hep3B cells: role for calcium in signaling oxidative stress-related impairment of mitochondria and relocation of endonuclease G and apoptosis-inducing factor

High glucose induces caspase-independent cell death in retinal neural cells

“…We have recently shown that calcium homeostasis is affected in retinal neural cells incubated with high glucose (Santiago et al, 2006a release of AIF and endonuclease G from mitochondria, associated with the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, have been published previously (Bains et al, 2003;Davies et al, 2003). Moreover, it was already reported that conditions of altered calcium homeostasis induce the release of AIF from the mitochondria (Braun et al, 2002;Lemarie et al, 2004;Vindis et al, 2005).…”

Cadmium-induced ceramide formation triggers calpain-dependent apoptosis in cultured kidney proximal tubule cells

“…In this manner, pathological elevations in cytosolic Ca 2ϩ could then induce calpain activation and subsequent apoptosis. However, we cannot exclude that Cd 2ϩ itself might also induce Ca 2ϩ release from intracellular stores (34,37). Investigations of the effect and mechanisms of Cd 2ϩ and ceramides on cytosolic Ca 2ϩ in PT cells are the goals of future studies.…”

Liver and Cadmium Toxicity

“…The mitochondria derived protein, endonuclease G (Endo G) has been identified as potential caspase-independent apoptotic mediator in human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. The mechanism involves Ca and ROS related alteration of mitochondrial homeostasis and subsequent release of Endo G and AIF [77]. Cd has been demonstrated to interfere with Ca by inhibiting Ca-dependent ATPases in nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum, probably through interaction with protein thiol groups.…”