“…Two techniques under study at ORNL, the Direct Multiplication Measurement [16] and the Cadmium Subtraction Ratio Method [17], seek to provide alternative methods for determination of the sample's multiplication as a means to address multiplicity counting in an era where epithermal multiplicity counters [18] are cost prohibitive. Providing a secondary means for determination of multiplication allows the application of multiplicity analysis using modest neutron coincidence counting systems (e.g., boronlined proportional tube-based systems) currently available as 3 He alternatives.…”