Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Giles, Grace E.; Mahoney, Caroline R.; Brunyé, Tad T.; Taylor, Holly A.; Kanarek, Robin B.

doi:10.1139/cjpp-2016-0498

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Caffeine can accentuate global processing of visual attention on the hierarchical shape task and improve rapid visual information processing accuracy. 42,43 Besides, acetylsalicylic acid decreased latency and reaction time of visually evoked event-related potentials, possibly via the serotonergic transmitter system. 44 NSAIDs showed neuroprotective and memory enhancing effect against chlorpromazine induced Parkinson’s model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Morphometric changes over the whole brain in caffeine-containing combination-analgesic-overuse headache

Chen

Dong

et al. 2018

Mol Pain

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ObjectiveTo investigate brain morphometric changes in medication-overuse headache with excessive intake of caffeine-containing combination analgesics.Materials and methodsWe recruited 32 medication-overuse headache patients overusing caffeine-containing combination analgesics and 26 normal controls with matched sex and age. Magnetic resonance T1-weighted images were processed by automatic volume algorithm of brain regions over the whole brain according to the neuromorphometrics template. We explored the volume differences between groups and correlation with clinical variables.ResultsMedication-overuse headache patients demonstrated decreased volume in cerebellum, optic chiasm, and increased volume in right lateral orbital gyrus, left calcarine, bilateral middle occipital gyrus, right superior parietal lobe, and right temporal transverse gyrus compared with normal controls. The increased volume was primarily contributed by patients of lower headache frequency (10–20 days/month) and with no psychological comorbidities. In regression analyses, the volume of bilateral middle occipital gyrus had negative association with migraine duration, and the volume of right lateral orbital gyrus and right superior parietal lobe was negatively correlated with number of medications per month.ConclusionsVolume changes of brain regions involved in affective and cognitive processing, visual and auditory perception, and pain sensory/discrimination suggested a particular role of those regions in the pathogenesis of medication-overuse headache overusing caffeine-containing combination analgesics. Morphometric changes in multiple visual processing areas and volume gain in lower headache frequency and less anxiety and depression may be specific features related to overusing caffeine-containing combination analgesics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Morphometric changes over the whole brain in caffeine-containing combination-analgesic-overuse headache

Chen

Dong

et al. 2018

Mol Pain

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“…Since theanine and Arg reduce stress and caffeine and EGCG antagonizes the action of theanine [ 16 , 17 ], we examined how these levels affect adrenal hypertrophy in stressed mice. In mice, adrenal hypertrophy was suppressed when the amount of theanine ingested was 0.32 mg/kg or more.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theanine exhibits an excellent stress-reducing effect on mice and humans [ 12 , 13 ]. However, the effect of theanine is antagonized by caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which are two major components of green tea [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In contrast, the stress-reducing effect of theanine is enhanced by arginine (Arg), which is the second most abundant amino acid in Japanese green tea [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Reducing Function of Matcha Green Tea in Animal Experiments and Clinical Trials

et al. 2018

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Theanine, a major amino acid in green tea, exhibits a stress-reducing effect in mice and humans. Matcha, which is essentially theanine-rich powdered green tea, is abundant in caffeine. Caffeine has a strong antagonistic effect against theanine. The stress-reducing effect of matcha was examined with an animal experiment and a clinical trial. The stress-reducing effect of matcha marketed in Japan and abroad was assessed based on its composition. The stress-reducing effect of matcha in mice was evaluated as suppressed adrenal hypertrophy using territorially-based loaded stress. High contents of theanine and arginine in matcha exhibited a high stress-reducing effect. However, an effective stress-reducing outcome was only possible when the molar ratio of caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to theanine and arginine was less than two. Participants (n = 39) consumed test-matcha, which was expected to have a stress-reducing effect, or placebo-matcha, where no effect was expected. Anxiety, a reaction to stress, was significantly lower in the test-matcha group than in the placebo group. To predict mental function of each matcha, both the quantity of theanine and the ratios of caffeine, EGCG, and arginine against theanine need to be verified.

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“…Previous studies suggested that differences in the quantities and ratios of matcha components affect the efficiency of its stress-reducing action. While caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) antagonize the stress-reducing effect of theanine [12, 13, 14], arginine (Arg), the second most abundant amino acid in Japanese green tea, enhances the effect of theanine [13]. When tea leaves are protected from direct sunlight, theanine levels remains high because it is broken down to glutamate and ethylamine when exposed to sunlight, and the former is used for the biosynthesis of EGCG [15, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-reducing effect of cookies containing matcha green tea: essential ratio among theanine, arginine, caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate

Unno

Furushima

Hamamoto

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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The stress-reducing effect of matcha, a high-quality fine-powdered green tea, has recently been clarified by animal experiments and clinical trials. However, the effect of matcha added to confectioneries is not clear. One aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between matcha components and their stress-reducing effect in mice that were loaded with territorially-based stress. Adrenal hypertrophy, a marker of stress, was significantly suppressed in stress-loaded mice that had ingested matcha components, displaying a caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate to theanine and arginine (CE/TA) ratio of 2 or less. Another aim was to evaluate, in humans, the stress-reducing effect of matcha in cookies using test-matcha (CE/TA = 1.79) or placebo-matcha (CE/TA = 10.64). Participants, who were fifth year pharmacy college students, consumed 4.5 g of matcha in three pieces of cookie daily for 15 days. Salivary α-amylase activity, a stress marker, was significantly lower in the test-matcha group than in the placebo group. These results indicate that the CE/TA ratio of tea components is a key indicator for the suppression of stress. Moreover, matcha with a CE/TA ratio of 2 or less displays a stress-reducing effect, even if it is included in confectionery products. Such products may also benefit individuals who have no habit of drinking matcha as a beverage.

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Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Cited by 22 publications

References 82 publications

Morphometric changes over the whole brain in caffeine-containing combination-analgesic-overuse headache

Morphometric changes over the whole brain in caffeine-containing combination-analgesic-overuse headache

Stress-Reducing Function of Matcha Green Tea in Animal Experiments and Clinical Trials

Stress-reducing effect of cookies containing matcha green tea: essential ratio among theanine, arginine, caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate

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