Caffeine and theobromine composition of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves in five plantations of Misiones, Argentina

Marx, Friedhelm; Janssens, Marc J. J.; Urfer, P.; Scherer, R.

doi:10.1023/b:qual.0000041144.28025.fc

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Much lower levels are found in mature leaves, and trace amounts of caffeine and theobromine occur in fruit, bark, and wood (Mazzafera, 1994). However, variations in the concentration of caffeine and theobromine between individual genotypes have been reported (Marx et al, 2003). Caffeine and theobromine were found in leaf epicuticular waxes of maté (Athaydea et al, 2000).…”

Section: Matémentioning

confidence: 97%

Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering

Ashihara¹,

Sano²,

Crozier³

2008

Phytochemistry

348

259

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Section: Matémentioning

confidence: 97%

Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering

Ashihara¹,

Sano²,

Crozier³

2008

Phytochemistry

348

259

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“…Ilex paraguariensis, Cuphea carthagenensis and Syzygium jambolanum are common delicacies. I. paraguariensis popularly known as mate is widely used in folk medicine because of its many health benefiting effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-cancer and antioxidant activity (Marx et al 2003;Heck and Mejia 2007). Chemical constituents found in I. paraguariensis include tannins, polyphenols, amino acids, triterpene saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Solvent Type on Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Black Tea and Herbal Infusions

et al. 2015

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The objective of the study was to determine and compare the effect of several solvents namely hot water, 50 % methanol, ethanol, 50 % ethanol, acetone, 50 % acetone and ethyl acetate on phenolic composition and free radical scavenging activity in black tea and selected herbal infusions from Zimbabwe and Brazil. For the black tea, made from Camellia sinensis, Quickbrew™ was used. Zimbabwean herbal infusions used were Lippia javanica and Ficus sycamore while those from Brazil were Syzygium j a m b o l a n u m , C u p h e a c a r t h a g e n e n s i s a n d I l e x paraguariensis. Total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. IC 50 values for each solvent were calculated and used to interpret radical scavenging activity. Aqueous organic solvents extracted higher quantities of phenolic compounds than in their absolute organic nature. Acetone (50 %) extracted a higher total phenolic content (TPC) in C. sinensis, L. javanica and I. paraguariensis. Hot water extracted the highest TPC in F. sycamore and S. jambolanum while 50 % ethanol was highest in C. carthagenensis. Free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) was not necessarily in the same order as TPC, indicating that high TPC does not always mean high FRSA and vice versa. The highest FRSA for S. jambolanum and C. carthagenensis extracts was in 50 % ethanol, F. sycamore in 50 % methanol, and I. paraguariensis, C. sinensis and L. javanica extracts in 50 % acetone. Ethyl acetate recorded the lowest TPC and FRSA in all plant samples analysed. Generally, solvent used affected TPC and free radical scavenging activity. Organic solvents may need to be separated from phenolics after extraction, as some of them namely acetone, methanol and ethyl acetate can be toxic to humans. Water and ethanol are the least toxic solvents which may need no further separation from extracts.

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“…Apart from morphological traits related to yield and quality, the biochemical aspects of each candidate (preselected) tree were determined using leaves from the dominant shoot. Caffeine and theobromine content was determined by a rapid HPLC method (useful for field testing of a large number of samples) (7,12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caffeine concentrations in the leaves can range from approximately 0.5 to 2.5%, depending mainly on leaf age (4), origin (8), and harvest time (2). Reported theobromine levels generally range from approximately 0.3 to 0.7% (3), although Marx et al (7) have determined concentrations of theobromine of 2% in leaves originating in Misiones, Argentina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Saponin Content and Quality-Related Traits of Mass-Selected Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensisA. St.-Hil.) Trees

Scherer¹,

Janssens

Marx

et al. 2007

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants

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Since 1998, new maté trees were identified in five plantations in Misiones, Argentina, through mass selection. Emphasis was put on capturing genes related to caffeine, theobromine, saponin, twig color, anthocyanin, waxiness, leaf chlorophyll, and leaf thickness, characteristics that influence maté leaf quality in the drinking vessel or in the bombilla. Subsequently, saponin content of maté leaves was positively correlated with leaf thickness, anthocyanin, waxiness, and leaf chlorophyll. Saponin content was negatively, though slightly, related to caffeine content. A cluster analysis was used to distinguish the desired quality ideotypes, retaining good variability of the origins among the quality R. Scherer groups. The major consumer categories proposed were Gaucho for traditional consumption, Tango for urban consumption and Middle-East as an alternative for green tea. Seed gardens were organized accordingly to ensure market quality.

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Caffeine and theobromine composition of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves in five plantations of Misiones, Argentina

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering

Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: Biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering

Effect of Solvent Type on Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Black Tea and Herbal Infusions

Saponin Content and Quality-Related Traits of Mass-Selected Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensisA. St.-Hil.) Trees

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