Caffeine citrate: when and for how long. A literature review

Picone, Simonetta; Bedetta, M.; Paolillo, Piermichele

doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.712305

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…30,31 The common transient side effects attributed to caffeine include tachycardia, hypertension, tremors, vomiting and rarely opisthotonus, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, etc. 23,45 Acute overdose may result in jitteriness, seizures, hypertonia, hypercalcemia, etc. 1 However, in view of its wide therapeutic index, the adverse effects are relatively minor and the risk-benefit ratio appears extremely negligible.…”

Section: Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine citrate – Is it a silver bullet in neonatology?

Shrestha

Jawa

2017

Pediatrics & Neonatology

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Caffeine citrate is one of the most prescribed drug in the present day NICU for apnea. Its efficacy, tolerability, wide therapeutic index and safety margin has made it the drug of choice among the methylxanthines. Its therapeutic uses in apnea of prematurity, mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia has made it a "silver bullet" in neonatology. However, there are still controversies surrounding this drug. This review is aimed to update the reader about the basic pharmacology, current therapeutic uses, adverse effects, controversies as well as present and future research of caffeine.

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Section: Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine citrate – Is it a silver bullet in neonatology?

Shrestha

Jawa

2017

Pediatrics & Neonatology

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“…A literature review in 2012 concluded that caffeine citrate use in premature infants resulted in a significant reduction in BPD incidence with few side effects. 17 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants

et al. 2014

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Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of pulmonary morbidity in premature infants and is associated with life-long morbidities. Developing drugs for the prevention of BPD would improve public health. We sought to determine characteristics of favorable randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of drugs for BPD prevention. Evidence review We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1992–2014 using the MeSH terms “BPD” and “respiratory distress syndrome, newborn.” We included a Cochrane Library search to ensure inclusion of all available RCTs. We identified RCTs with BPD as a primary or secondary outcome and determined the definition of BPD used by the study. We determined whether a phase I or phase II study—to determine drug safety, efficacy, or optimal dose—was performed prior to the RCT. Finally, we searched the Cochrane Library for meta-analyses for each drug and used the results of available meta-analyses to define a favorable versus unfavorable RCT. Findings We identified 2026 articles; 47 RCTs met our inclusion criteria encompassing 21 drugs; 5 of the drugs reduced the incidence of BPD. We found data from phase I or II studies for 16 of the drugs, but only 1 demonstrated a reduction of BPD. Conclusions and relevance The majority of the drugs studied in RCTs failed to reduce the incidence of BPD. Performing early-phase studies prior to phase III trials might provide necessary information on drugs and drug doses capable of preventing BPD, thus informing the development of future RCTs.

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“…CC is an odorless, bitter-tasting white crystalline powder. Caffeine is used therapeutically to treat episodes of apnea in premature infants (16). Since CC is a highly soluble Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class–I drug, its rapid dissolution in the oral cavity impedes its taste masking (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Palatability Study for Taste Assessment of Caffeine Citrate Formulation Prepared via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology

et al. 2015

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Developing a pediatric oral formulation with an age-appropriate dosage form and taste masking of naturally bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are key challenges for formulation scientists. Several techniques are used for taste masking of bitter APIs to improve formulation palatability; however, not all the techniques are applicable to pediatric dosage forms because of the limitations on the kind and concentration of the excipients that can be used. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology is used successfully for taste masking of bitter APIs, and overcomes some of the limitations of the existing taste masking techniques. Likewise, analytical taste assessment is an important quality control parameter evaluated by several in vivo and in vitro methods, such as the human taste panel, electrophysiological methods, electronic sensor, and animal preference tests to aid in selecting a taste-masked formulation. However, the most appropriate in-vivo method to assess the taste-masking efficacy of pediatric formulations remains unknown, because it is not known to what extent the human taste panel/electronic tongue can predict the palatability in the pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to develop taste-masked caffeine citrate extrudates via HME, and to demonstrate the wide applicability of a single bottle-test rat model to record and compare the volume consumed of the taste-masked solutions to that of the pure API. Thus, this rat model can be considered as a low-cost alternative taste-assessment method to the most commonly used expensive human taste panel/electronic tongue method for pediatric formulations.

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Caffeine citrate: when and for how long. A literature review

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Caffeine citrate – Is it a silver bullet in neonatology?

Caffeine citrate – Is it a silver bullet in neonatology?

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants

Rat Palatability Study for Taste Assessment of Caffeine Citrate Formulation Prepared via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology

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