Caffeine in Saliva After Peroral Intake

Biederbick, W.; Joseph, Gerhard; Rump, A.F.E.; Theisohn, M.; Klaus, W.

doi:10.1097/00007691-199710000-00006

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…After absorption, caffeine is quickly distributed to most tissues (mean volume distribution of 0.6-1.0 L/kg) and body fluids (i.e., bile, milk, saliva, semen, sweat, and urine) [114], although it is received in the body as a xenobiotic substance. Studies have reported that concentrations of caffeine in saliva are approximately 20-40% lower than in plasma [145,[160][161][162][163]. The limited plasma protein binding (estimated at 17-30%) combined with the relatively hydrophobic properties of caffeine allow its passage through all biological membranes [14,114] and enables it to easily cross intracellular barriers, including placental (mother-fetus-mother) and blood-brain barriers [114,132].…”

Section: Metabolism and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Consumption through Coffee: Content in the Beverage, Metabolism, Health Benefits and Risks

2019

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Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world, acting by means of antagonism to adenosine receptors, mainly A1 and A2A. Coffee is the main natural source of the alkaloid which is quite soluble and well extracted during the brew’s preparation. After consumption, caffeine is almost completely absorbed and extensively metabolized in the liver by phase I (cytochrome P450) enzymes, mainly CYP1A2, which appears to be polymorphically distributed in human populations. Paraxanthine is the major caffeine metabolite in plasma, while methylated xanthines and methyluric acids are the main metabolites excreted in urine. In addition to stimulating the central nervous system, caffeine exerts positive effects in the body, often in association with other substances, contributing to prevention of several chronic diseases. The potential adverse effects of caffeine have also been extensively studied in animal species and in humans. These aspects will be approached in the present review.

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Section: Metabolism and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Consumption through Coffee: Content in the Beverage, Metabolism, Health Benefits and Risks

2019

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Caffeine and paraxanthine HPLC assay for CYP1A2 phenotype assessment using saliva and plasma

Perera

Gross

McLachlan

2010

Biomedical Chromatography

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Caffeine has been extensively used as a probe to measure CYP1A2 activity in humans with caffeine clearance or the paraxanthine (major metabolite of caffeine) to caffeine concentration ratio being regarded as the preferred metric. A simple reverse-phased C(18) HPLC assay using ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction was developed to quantitate caffeine and paraxanthine concentrations in saliva and plasma. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-acetic acid-H(2)O (100:1:899) and analytes were quantitated with UV detection at 280 nm. The extraction recovery for paraxanthine and caffeine was approximately 70% in both saliva and plasma. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges 0.05-2.50 and 0.05-5.00 µg/mL, for paraxanthine and caffeine, respectively, in saliva. In plasma the assay was linear over the ranges 0.025-2.50 and 0.025-5.00 µg/mL for paraxanthine and caffeine, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were less than 15%. Detection limits were 0.015 µg/mL for paraxanthine and caffeine in saliva, while it was 0.005 µg/mL for paraxanthine and caffeine in plasma. Utility was established in samples collected from two healthy volunteers who abstained from caffeine for 24 h and received a single 100 mg oral dose of caffeine. The assay developed is a robust, simple and precise technique to measure caffeine and paraxanthine in saliva and plasma of healthy volunteers after a single oral dose of caffeine.

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Methodological considerations for the quantification of self-reported caffeine use

et al. 2008

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Rationale-The field of research regarding the effects of habitual caffeine use is immense and frequently utilizes self-report measures of caffeine use. However, various self-report measures have different methodologies, and the accuracy of these different methods has not been compared.Materials and methods-Self-reported caffeine use was estimated from two methods (a retrospective interview of weekly caffeine use and a 7-day prospective diary; n=79). These estimates were then tested against salivary caffeine concentrations in a subset of participants (n=55).Results-The estimates of caffeine use (mg/day) from the interview-and diary-based methods correlated with one another (r=0.77) and with salivary caffeine concentrations (r=0.61 and 0.68, respectively). However, almost half of the subjects who reported more than 600 mg/day in the interview reported significantly less caffeine use in the diary.Conclusions-Self-report measures of caffeine use are a valid method of predicting actual caffeine levels. Estimates of high caffeine use levels may need to be corroborated by more than one method.

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Caffeine in Saliva After Peroral Intake

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Caffeine Consumption through Coffee: Content in the Beverage, Metabolism, Health Benefits and Risks

Caffeine Consumption through Coffee: Content in the Beverage, Metabolism, Health Benefits and Risks

Caffeine and paraxanthine HPLC assay for CYP1A2 phenotype assessment using saliva and plasma

Methodological considerations for the quantification of self-reported caffeine use

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