Caffeine Intake and Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Santos, Catarina; Costa, João; Santos, João Pereira dos; Carneiro, António Vaz; Lunet, Nuno

doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091387

Cited by 178 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…The observation that the protective effect of chocolate consumption on cognitive decline was observed only among subjects with low daily consumption of caffeine may suggest that caffeine is not the relevant component involved in this protective effect. It is interesting that the protective effects of caffeine on cognitive decline may be more consistent in women [23,35], but we did not observe any gender differences regarding the association of chocolate intake with a lower risk of cognitive decline. Alternatively, the potential protective effect could be due to the caffeine present in chocolate, and this effect would just be masked in the population consuming higher amounts of caffeine from other sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…The combination of caffeine and theobromine in the proportions found in cacao and chocolate has been shown to display psycho-stimulant effects [30,34]. Caffeine has been more widely explored, showing a protective effect against cognitive impairment and cognitive decline [35] and a possible preventive effect on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) [36]. On the other hand, the effects of theobromine have been less studied than those of caffeine, and the potential neurobiological effects of theobromine are still poorly understood [33,37], partially due to the prevalent idea that it is a weak central nervous system stimulant [38,39], and has only been showed to produce very minor subjective effects compared to caffeine [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chocolate Consumption is Associated with a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline

Moreira

Diógenes

Mendonça

et al. 2016

JAD

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Abstract. Cocoa-related products like chocolate have taken an important place in our food habits and culture. In this work, we aim to examine the relationship between chocolate consumption and cognitive decline in an elderly cognitively healthy population. In the present longitudinal prospective study, a cohort of 531 participants aged 65 and over with normal MiniMental State Examination (MMSE; median 28) was selected. The median follow-up was 48 months. Dietary habits were evaluated at baseline. The MMSE was used to assess global cognitive function at baseline and at follow-up. Cognitive decline was defined by a decrease ≥ 2 points in the MMSE score between evaluations. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) estimates were adjusted for age, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes. Chocolate intake was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline (RR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.38-0.92). This protective effect was observed only among subjects with an average daily consumption of caffeine lower than 75 mg (69% of the participants; RR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.31-0.82). To our knowledge, this is the first prospective cohort study to show an inverse association between regular long-term chocolate consumption and cognitive decline in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chocolate Consumption is Associated with a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline

Moreira

Diógenes

Mendonça

et al. 2016

JAD

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“…Follow-up times varied from 16 months to 30 years. Systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies investigating the association between caffeine and dementia/cognitive decline is presented by Santos et al [5] in this issue.…”

Section: Previous Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine as a Protective Factor in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

Eskelinen

Kivipelto

2010

JAD

222

142

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Abstract. Caffeine has well-known short-term stimulating effects on central nervous system, but the long-term impacts on cognition have been less clear. Dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are rapidly increasing public health problems in ageing populations and at the moment curative treatment is lacking. Thus, the putative protective effects of caffeine against dementia/AD are of great interest. Here, we discuss findings from the longitudinal epidemiological studies about caffeine/coffee/tea and dementia/AD/cognitive functioning with a special emphasis on our recent results from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study. The findings of the previous studies are somewhat inconsistent, but most studies (3 out of 5) support coffee's favorable effects against cognitive decline, dementia or AD. In addition, two studies had combined coffee and tea drinking and indicated some positive effects on cognitive functioning. For tea drinking, protective effects against cognitive decline/dementia are still less evident. In the CAIDE study, coffee drinking of 3-5 cups per day at midlife was associated with a decreased risk of dementia/AD by about 65% at late-life. In conclusion, coffee drinking may be associated with a decreased risk of dementia/AD. This may be mediated by caffeine and/or other mechanisms like antioxidant capacity and increased insulin sensitivity. This finding might open possibilities for prevention or postponing the onset of dementia/AD.

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“…Human epidemiological and animal experimentation studies as well as studies conducted in cultured cell models have shown that caffeine protects against the onset and severity of AD [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Additionally, it has been shown that it can reverse behavioral and pathological features of AD [19,21,22,24,25,[29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine blocks cholesterol-enriched diet induced AD-like pathology in rabbits

Chen¹,

Tian²,

Ghribi³

et al. 2016

J Integr Syst Neurosci

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The pathogenesis of sporadic AD is believed to result from complex interactions between nutritional, environmental, epigenetic and genetic factors. Among those factors, elevated plasma cholesterol, independent of APOE genotypes, is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD, whereas chronic ingestion of caffeine is protective against sporadic AD. Others and we have shown that rabbits-fed cholesterol-enriched diet exhibit early AD-like pathological features including bloodbrain barrier (BBB) leakage and endolysosome dysfunction, as well as, AD-like pathological hallmarks including synaptic disruption, increased intraneuronal and brain deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau pathology. Further, we found that caffeine protects against the cholesterol-induced increases in BBB permeability. Here, we determined the extent to which caffeine affects cholesterol-enriched diet-induced increases in other pathological features of AD. We demonstrated that caffeine administration at low and moderate doses did not affect plasma levels of cholesterol, but did block significantly cholesterol-enriched diet-induced increases in brain levels of apoB and accumulation of apoB in neuronal endolysosomes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that caffeine administration at the two doses blocked cholesterol-enriched diet-induced abnormal accumulation of synaptophysin, Aβ, and phosphorylated tau in endolysosomes. Our findings suggest that caffeine exerts its protective effects against the development of sporadic AD-like pathological features, in part, by preventing the entrance of LDL cholesterol into brain parenchyma, the accumulation of LDL-cholesterol in neuronal endolysosomes, and structural and functional changes to endolysosomes.

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Caffeine Intake and Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 178 publications

References 35 publications

Chocolate Consumption is Associated with a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline

Chocolate Consumption is Associated with a Lower Risk of Cognitive Decline

Caffeine as a Protective Factor in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

Caffeine blocks cholesterol-enriched diet induced AD-like pathology in rabbits

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