Caffeine Supplementation: Ergogenic in Both High and Low Caffeine Responders

Apostolidis, Andreas; Mougios, Vassilis; Smilios, Ilias; Rodosthenous, Johanna; Hadjicharalambous, Marios

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0238

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, 16 RCTs (reported in 17 references) were included in this review. [1][2][3][4][5]7,10,12,14,19,22,[25][26][27]29,38,41 Figure 1 details the study selection process.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance of Soccer Players: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ferreira

Pacheco

Latorraca

et al. 2021

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Context: Caffeine is 1 of the most popular supplements consumed by athletes, and the evidence for improving soccer performance remains limited. Objective: To investigate and update the effects (benefits and harms) of caffeine to improve performance on soccer players. Data Sources: Electronic search in Medline (via PubMed), CENTRAL, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and LILACS, from inception to March 28, 2020. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of caffeine on the performance of soccer players. Study Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Data Extraction: Data extraction was conducted independently by 2 authors using a piloted form. We assessed methodological quality (Cochrane risk-of-bias [RoB] table) and the certainty of the evidence (GRADE [Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation] approach). Results: Sixteen RCTs were included. Overall methodological quality was classified as unclear to low risk of bias. When assessing aerobic endurance, meta-analyses did not demonstrate the differences between caffeine and placebo (mean difference [MD], 44.9 m; 95% confidence interval [CI], −77.7 to 167.6). Similarly, no difference was observed during time to fatigue test (MD, 169.8 seconds; 95% CI, −71.8 to 411.6). Considering anaerobic power, meta-analyses also did not find differences for vertical jump (MD, 1.01 cm; 95% CI, −0.68 to 2.69) and repeated sprint tests (MD, −0.02 seconds; 95% CI, −0.09 to 0.04), as well as reaction time agility test (MD, 0.02 seconds; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.04) and rating of perceived exertion (MD, 0.16 points; 95% CI, −0.55 to 0.87). Regarding safety, a few minor adverse events were reported. Based on the GRADE approach, the certainty of this evidence was classified as very low to low. Conclusions: We found no significant improvement in soccer-related performance with caffeine compared with placebo or no intervention. However, caffeine appears to be safe.

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“…Therefore, 16 RCTs (reported in 17 references) were included in this review. [1][2][3][4][5]7,10,12,14,19,22,[25][26][27]29,38,41 Figure 1 details the study selection process.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance of Soccer Players: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ferreira

Pacheco

Latorraca

et al. 2021

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this line, Apostolidis et al, [19] showed that 6 mg/kg of caffeine ingested 60 min previous to a battery of tests improved aerobic endurance (time to fatigue) and neuromuscular performance (CMJ) in 20 well-trained soccer players (age: 21.5 ± 4 years). Since these authors did not find any change in substrate oxidation with caffeine, measured by indirect calorimetry during the testing, they commented that performance improvements could only be attributed to positive effects on the central nervous system and/or neuromuscular function, although the precise mechanism of caffeine ergogenicity was not indicated in this investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this background, one might suppose that caffeine is also ergogenic in soccer although the information regarding this sport has not been summarized. In the last few years, several studies have investigated the effects of caffeine intake on soccer physical performance [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] and in the opinion of the authors, the results of these investigations need to be objectively reviewed and summarized. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the effectiveness of a moderate dose of caffeine on soccer physical performance, muscle damage and perception of fatigue in order to provide more objective and comprehensive information about the positive and negative impact of caffeine on soccer players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Supplementation and Physical Performance, Muscle Damage and Perception of Fatigue in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Soccer is a complex team sport and success in this discipline depends on different factors such as physical fitness, player technique and team tactics, among others. In the last few years, several studies have described the impact of caffeine intake on soccer physical performance, but the results of these investigations have not been properly reviewed and summarized. The main objective of this review was to evaluate critically the effectiveness of a moderate dose of caffeine on soccer physical performance. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science databases from January 2007 to November 2018. The search included studies with a cross-over and randomized experimental design in which the intake of caffeine (either from caffeinated drinks or pills) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters applied to the soccer players’ level, gender or age. This review included 17 articles that investigated the effects of caffeine on soccer-specific abilities (n = 12) or on muscle damage (n = 5). The review concluded that 5 investigations (100% of the number of investigations on this topic) had found ergogenic effects of caffeine on jump performance, 4 (100%) on repeated sprint ability and 2 (100%) on running distance during a simulated soccer game. However, only 1 investigation (25%) found as an effect of caffeine to increase serum markers of muscle damage, while no investigation reported an effect of caffeine to reduce perceived fatigue after soccer practice. In conclusion, a single and moderate dose of caffeine, ingested 5–60 min before a soccer practice, might produce valuable improvements in certain abilities related to enhanced soccer physical performance. However, caffeine does not seem to cause increased markers of muscle damage or changes in perceived exertion during soccer practice.

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“…Figure 2 offers further insights on this topic because it presents individual data on caffeine-induced changes on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, measured before exercise, which is a variable also employed to categorize individual responses to acute caffeine ingestion [17]. As it happens with the ergogenic effect of caffeine, the outcomes of caffeine on blood pressure had great inter- and intraindividual variability.…”

Section: Repeated Testing Of the Ergogenic Effect Of Caffeine Ingementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging the Myth of Non-Response to the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Exercise Performance

2019

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The ergogenicity of caffeine on several exercise and sport situations is well-established. However, the extent of the ergogenic response to acute caffeine ingestion might greatly vary among individuals despite using the same dosage and timing. The existence of one or several individuals that obtained minimal ergogenic effects or even slightly ergolytic effects after caffeine intake (i.e., non-responders) has been reported in several previous investigations. Nevertheless, the concept non-responding to caffeine, in terms of physical performance, relies on investigations based on the measurement of one performance variable obtained once. Recently it has been suggested that correct identification of the individual ergogenic effect induced by caffeine intake requires the repeated measurement of physical performance in identical caffeine–placebo comparisons. In this communication, we present data from an investigation where the ergogenic effect of acute caffeine intake (3 mg/kg) was measured eight times over a placebo in the same individuals and under the same conditions by an incremental cycling test to volitional fatigue and an adapted version of the Wingate cycling test. The ergogenic response to caffeine varied from 9% to 1% among individuals, but all participants increased both cycling power in the incremental test and Wingate mean power at least three to eight times out of eight the caffeine–placebo comparisons. These data expand the suggestion of a minimal occurrence of caffeine non-responders because it shows that all individuals responded to caffeine when caffeine is compared to a placebo on multiple and repeated testing sessions.

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Caffeine Supplementation: Ergogenic in Both High and Low Caffeine Responders

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance of Soccer Players: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance of Soccer Players: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Caffeine Supplementation and Physical Performance, Muscle Damage and Perception of Fatigue in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

Challenging the Myth of Non-Response to the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Exercise Performance

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