Caffeine

and, Lawrence L. Spriet; Howlett, Richard A.

doi:10.1002/9780470693766.ch28

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Although the effects on sprint performance are less certain than those on endurance exercise, a positive effect of caffeine can be obtained with caffeine doses that are far below those necessary to produce a positive drug test. Doses of as little as 3 mg/kg body mass can produce ergogenic effects, but there appears to be a wide inter-individual variability in the sensitivity to caffeine (Spriet & Howlett, 2000). The reasons for this variability are not altogether clear, but, perhaps surprisingly, they do not appear to be related to the habitual level of caffeine consumption.…”

Section: Caffeinementioning

confidence: 91%

“…Caffeine is a notable exception, but even caffeine is prohibited above a threshold level set by the International Olympic Committee (Spriet & Howlett, 2000). Nonetheless, competitors can gain performance advantages at levels below those that would result in a positive test.…”

Section: Central Nervous System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing evidence of a positive effect of caffeine on performance in the absence of any glycogen-sparing effect, and of effects on high-intensity exercise, where glycogen availability is not a limiting factor, has stimulated the search for alternative mechanisms of action (Spriet & Howlett, 2000). Caffeine may affect the activity of Na/K ATPase and the intracellular localisation and binding of Ca in skeletal muscle, it can cause an elevation of the intracellular cAMP level as a result of inhibition of the action of phosphodiesterase, and it may have direct effects on a number of enzymes, including glycogen phosphorylase (Spriet, 1997).…”

Section: Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

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The athlete’s diet: nutritional goals and dietary strategies

Maughan

2002

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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When talented, motivated and highly trained athletes meet for competition the margin between victory and defeat is usually small. When everything else is equal, nutrition can make the difference between winning and losing. Although the primary concern of many athletes is to supplement the diet with protein, vitamins and minerals, and a range of more exotic compounds, key dietary issues are often neglected. Athletes must establish their nutritional goals, and must also be able to translate them into dietary strategies that will meet these goals. Athletes are often concerned with dietary manipulations in the period around competition, but the main role of nutrition may be to support consistent intensive training which will lead to improved performance. Meeting energy demand and maintaining body mass and body fat at appropriate levels are key goals. An adequate intake of carbohydrate is crucial for maintaining muscle glycogen stores during hard training, but the types of food and the timing of intake are also important. Protein ingestion may stimulate muscle protein synthesis in the post-exercise period, promoting the process of adaptation in the muscles. Restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance after exercise is essential. If energy intake is high and a varied diet is consumed, supplementation of the diet with vitamins and minerals is not warranted, unless a specific deficiency is identified. Specific strategies before competition may be necessary, but this requirement depends on the demands of the sport. Generally, it is important to ensure high pre-competition glycogen stores and to maintain fluid balance. There is limited evidence to support the use of dietary supplements, but some, including perhaps creatine and caffeine, may be beneficial.

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Section: Caffeinementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Central Nervous System Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

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The athlete’s diet: nutritional goals and dietary strategies

Maughan

2002

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Several review articles have summarized this work (Burke, 2008;Ganio et al, 2009;Keisler & Armsey, 2006;Spriet, 2003;Spriet & Howlett, 2000). Several review articles have summarized this work (Burke, 2008;Ganio et al, 2009;Keisler & Armsey, 2006;Spriet, 2003;Spriet & Howlett, 2000).…”

Section: Low Doses Of Caffeine Are Ergogenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The caffeine literature is large and has been reviewed on numerous occasions (Graham et al, 1994;Spriet, 1995Spriet, , 2003Spriet & Howlett, 2000). The caffeine literature is large and has been reviewed on numerous occasions (Graham et al, 1994;Spriet, 1995Spriet, , 2003Spriet & Howlett, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and Exercise Performance

Spriet

2013

The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine

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1. Recent, well-controlled studies have established that moderate doses of caffeine ingested 1 h prior to exercise enhance the performance of certain types of endurance exercise in the laboratory. Moderate caffeine doses produce urinary caffeine levels well below the allowable limit, as determined by the International Olympic Committee. The results are specific to well-trained elite or recreational athletes. It is not known if these findings will improve performance in competitions because controlled field studies of the effects of caffeine are lacking. 2. The mechanisms responsible for improved exercise endurance in prolonged exercise remain elusive. A metabolic mechanism appears to contribute early in exercise, when caffeine ingestion increases plasma free-fatty acid concentrations and muscle triglyceride use and spares muscle glycogen. However, it is not clear if increased fat oxidation causes the glycogen sparing in muscle. Increases in plasma epinephrine concentrations usually occur following caffeine ingestion but are not essential for the accompanying metabolic changes. When studying caffeine effects in the human it is difficult to identify the primary source of the "stimulus" because caffeine usually increases epinephrine secretion and is also rapidly metabolized in the liver to three dimethylxanthines (paraxanthine, theophylline and theobromine). The dimethylxanthines can remain in the circulation longer than caffeine and may be metabolic signals in their own right. 3. Caffeine appears to enhance performance during short-term, intense cycling lasting ~5 min in the laboratory and in simulated 1500 m race time. However, positive ergogenic effects of caffeine are much less frequent during sprint exercise lasting less than 90 s and in incremental exercise tests lasting 8-20 min. 4. Potential mechanisms for improving performance during intense exercise lasting 5-20 min include direct effects of caffeine on the central nervous system and/or excitation-contraction coupling and increased anaerobic energy provision in skeletal muscle.

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Dietary Supplements and Ergogenic Aids

Maughan¹,

Burke²

2002

Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science: Sports Nutrition

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Caffeine

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

The athlete’s diet: nutritional goals and dietary strategies

The athlete’s diet: nutritional goals and dietary strategies

Caffeine and Exercise Performance

Dietary Supplements and Ergogenic Aids

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