Cage‐Like Porous Carbon with Superhigh Activity and Br<sub>2</sub>‐Complex‐Entrapping Capability for Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries

Wang, Chenhui; Lai, Qinzhi; Xu, Pengcheng; Zheng, Daoyuan; Li, Xianfeng; Zhang, Huamin

doi:10.1002/adma.201605815

Cited by 105 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However,t he low solubility and conductivity of organic solvents for non-aqueous RFBs result in lower capacities, energy densities, and potentials than expected. [7,8] However,t hese commercial aqueous RFBs still suffer from limitations of solubility, [6,9,10] poor kinetics, [11][12][13][14][15] and crossover issues [16][17][18][19] that must be resolved. In contrast, aqueous materials are relatively safe and easy to handle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Hong

Kim

2018

ChemSusChem

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Neutral red and ferroin are used as redox indicators (RINs) in potentiometric titrations. The rapid response and reversibility that are prerequisites for RINs are also desirable properties for the active materials in redox flow batteries (RFBs). This study describes the electrochemical properties of ferroin and neutral red as a redox pair. The rapid reaction rates of the RINs allow a cell to run at a rate of 4 C with 89 % capacity retention after the 100 cycle. The diffusion coefficients, electrode reaction rates, and solubilities of the RINs were determined. The electron-transfer rate constants of ferroin and neutral red are 0.11 and 0.027 cm s , respectively, which are greater than those of the components of all-vanadium and Zn/Br cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Hong

Kim

2018

ChemSusChem

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“…Innovations have included creating a cell pair without the requirement of a membrane and various electrode morphologies for enhanced activity. [15][16][17] However, most of the research has been focused on the two main issues associated with this RFB. The first is that of zinc dendrite formation, with studies ranging from simulations being conducted to improve the understanding of the zinc deposition to altering the fluid transport mechanics and the usage of additives to mitigate this problem.…”

Section: Znmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery

Bryans

McMillan

Spicer

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The zinc-bromine redox flow battery (RFB) is one of a very few commercially viable RFB energy storage systems capable of integration with intermittent renewable energy sources to deliver improved energy management. However, due to the volatility of the electrogenerated bromine and potential for its crossover from positive to negative electrolytes, this system requires the use of quaternary ammonium complexes (N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium, (MEP)) to capture this bromine. This produces an immiscible phase with the Br 2 which requires a complex network of pipes, pumps and automated controls to ensure access to the electroactive material during discharge. In this work, the use of novel quaternary ammonium complexes to capture the electrogenerated bromine but to keep it in the aqueous phase is examined. Three compounds, 1-(carboxymethyl) pyridine-1-ium, 1-(2-carboxymethyl)-1-methylmorpholin-1-ium and 1-(2-carboxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium, were found to successfully reduce the volume of the immiscible phase formed on complexing with the polybromide (Br x − ) whilst displaying similar enthalpy of vaporization values as that of MEP . Electrochemical analysis also revealed that these compounds did not impact on the electrode kinetics of the Br − /Br x − reaction indicating that the resulting surface film formed with these compounds behaved as a chemically modified electrode, in contrast to the surface film formed with MEP. Renewable energy features in many countries' energy agendas. Current political focus seeks to reduce carbon emissions, as agreed by the Paris Agreement, by using energy more efficiently and to have power generation from zero carbon technologies.1 Installed capacity of renewable energy sources have increased over the decade to 2014 by 175 GW for solar and by 322 GW for wind.2 This increase in capacity has impacted on the global share of energy from renewable sources (excluding hydropower) from 2.2% (2004) to 9.7% (2013) with many countries promising to accelerate their installation of these technologies in the coming years.3 However, energy supplied from renewable sources is often intermittent and can fluctuate depending on weather and location. 4,5 This creates a problem in that energy can be generated in excess or in deficit in relation to energy demand. To solve this issue, energy storage is required to balance these peaks and troughs in order to stabilize energy flow into the electrical grid. This would lead to a better management of renewable sources. 6 Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one means of achieving large scale energy storage which can provide a more efficient link between energy production and energy demand. This type of battery system has the advantage of having a lower cost, a low level of self-discharge and is considered to have a much safer operation compared to other battery systems such as the sodium sulfur and lithium ion batteries. 7,8 Additionally, as with all batteries, it has the advantage of being more flexible and mobile in relation to pumped hydro and compressed air t...

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“…Worth noting is that other methods can also solve the zinc dendrite issue, such as controlling the state of charge of the battery [85] and using pulsated current electrodeposition. [45] However, these methodsu sually play an auxiliary role in inhibiting zinc dendrites, althought he pervasive ways still concentrateo nthe aforementioned approaches.…”

Section: Methodstop Roduce Dendrite-free Zinc Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Zinc Dendrite Growth in Zinc‐Based Batteries

et al. 2018

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Zinc deposition and dissolution is a significant process in zinc‐based batteries. During this process, the formation of zinc dendrites is pervasive, which leads to the loss of efficiency and capacity of batteries. The continually growing dendrites will finally pierce the separator and cause the batteries to short circuit. Thus, employing effective methods to inhibit the formation and growth of zinc dendrites is vital for the practical application of zinc‐based batteries. This Minireview first clarifies the formation and growth principles of zinc dendrites. Then, the research and development of methods to solve the problem of zinc dendrites are reviewed, including ways to suppress the further formation and growth of dendrites as far as possible, to minimize the adverse effects of dendrites, along with ways to produce dendrite‐free deposition processes. The mechanisms, advantages, drawbacks, and perspectives of these methods are illustrated. Thus, this overview of these methods will aid understanding of the formation process of zinc dendrites and provide an extensive, comprehensive, and professional reference to resolve the problem of zinc dendrites completely.

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Cage‐Like Porous Carbon with Superhigh Activity and Br₂‐Complex‐Entrapping Capability for Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries

Cited by 105 publications

References 34 publications

Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery

Inhibition of Zinc Dendrite Growth in Zinc‐Based Batteries

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Cage‐Like Porous Carbon with Superhigh Activity and Br2‐Complex‐Entrapping Capability for Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries

Cited by 105 publications

References 34 publications

Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr2Flow Battery

Inhibition of Zinc Dendrite Growth in Zinc‐Based Batteries

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Cage‐Like Porous Carbon with Superhigh Activity and Br₂‐Complex‐Entrapping Capability for Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries

Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr₂Flow Battery