Calamity Peak layered granite-pegmatite complex, Black Hills, South Dakota: Part I. Structure and emplacement

Duke, Edward F.; Redden, Jack A.; Papike, J. J.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0825:cplgpc>2.3.co;2

Cited by 35 publications

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“…repeatedly saturated and undersaturated in H 2 O at constant pressure). Duke et al (1988) and particularly London (1992a) suggested that double-diffusive fractional crystallisation or oscillating self-organisational models (e.g. McBirney & Noyes 1979;Ortoleva 1994) as a result of rapid crystallisation represent viable methods of producing alternate banding.…”

Section: Pegmatites Aplites and Composite Dykesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Granitic pegmatites

London¹

1996

The Third Hutton Symposium on the Origin of Granites and Related Rocks

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The primary focus of this review is on P-T conditions, mineralogical indicators of melt or fluid composition and textural evolution; lesser treatment is given to pegmatite sources or to pegmatite-wallrock interactions. Investigations of stable and radiogenic isotopes have revealed that the source materials for pegmatites are likely to be more heterogeneous or varied than previously thought, especially for peraluminous pegmatites, but that overall pegmatites bear a clear intrusive relationship with their hosts, as opposed to an origin in situ. The P-T conditions of crystallisation of some lithium-rich pegmatites have been constrained by lithium aluminosilicate stability relations in combination with stable isotope or fluid inclusion methods. Experimental studies have elucidated the effects of components such as Li, B, P and F, which are common in some classes of pegmatites, to liquidus relations in the hydrous haplogranite system. Experimentation has also provided corroboration of an old concept of pegmatite crystallisation-that pegmatites owe their distinctive textures and mineral/chemical zonation to relatively rapid crystallisation of melt from the margins inwards at conditions far from the equilibrium (i.e. from supercooled liquids). The origin of aplites, whether alone, layered, or paired with pegmatites, remains an active area of research. Studies of fluid inclusions, crystal-vapour equilibria and wallrock alteration have helped to define the timing and compositions of vapour phases in pegmatites and to aid in the economic evaluation of deposits.

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Section: Pegmatites Aplites and Composite Dykesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Granitic pegmatites

London¹

1996

The Third Hutton Symposium on the Origin of Granites and Related Rocks

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“…This distinction is important, because it suggests that the Eshamy was never a single batch of magma, but represents a time series of dikes, a couple of meters wide at a time, striking parallel to regional strike, then cut by a NE cleavage. The Eshamy pluton bears many similarities to other multiple-pulse, sheet-like intrusions including the Calamity Peak Complex in the Black Hills (Duke et al, 1988). In contrast, the Nellie Juan pluton is extremely homogenous, with only a weak transitional magmatic/solid state foliation parallel to regional strike.…”

Section: Eshamy and Nellie Juan Plutonsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Controls on intrusion of near-trench magmas of the Sanak-Baranof Belt, Alaska, during Paleogene ridge subduction, and consequences for forearc evolution

Kusky¹,

Bradley²,

Donely³

et al. 2003

Geology of a Transpressional Orogen Developed During Ridge-Trench Interaction Along the North Pacific Margin

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A belt of Paleogene near-trench plutons known as the Sanak-Baranof belt intruded the southern Alaska convergent margin. A compilation of isotopic ages of these plutons shows that they range in age from 61 Ma in the west to ca. 50 Ma in the east. This migrating pulse of magmatism along the continental margin is consistent with North Pacifi c plate reconstructions that suggests the plutons were generated by migration of a trench-ridge-trench triple junction along the margin. On the Kenai Peninsula the regional lower greenschist metamorphic grade of the turbiditic host rocks, texture of the plutons, contact-metamorphic assemblage, and isotopic and fl uid inclusion studies suggest that the plutons were emplaced at pressures of 1.5-3.0 kbars (5.2-10.5 km) into a part of the accretionary wedge with an ambient temperature of 210-300 °C. The presence of kyanite, garnet, and cordierite megacrysts in the plutons indicates that the melts were generated at a depth greater than 20 km and minimum temperature of 650 °C. These megacrysts are probably xenocrystic remnants of a restitic or contact metamorphic phase entrained by the melt during intrusion. However, it is also possible that they are primary magmatic phases crystallized from the peraluminous melt.Plutons of the Sanak-Baranof belt serve as time and strain markers separating kinematic regimes that predate and postdate ridge subduction. Pre-ridge subduction structures are interpreted to be related to the interaction between the leading oceanic plate and the Chugach terrane. These include regional thrust faults, NE-striking map-scale folds with associated axial planar foliation, type-1 mélanges, and an array

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“…In schists, the intrusion of magma transposed the regional S 2 foliation into S 3 , which is more horizontal and concordant with the granite sills that make up the HPG. The foliation is attributed to distention of country rocks during multiple intrusions of granite melts (Duke et al ., , ). The M 2 and M 3 metamorphic events probably overlapped (Redden & DeWitt, ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The initial garnet‐in reaction involving siderite–rhodochrosite, garnet re‐equilibration and P–T–t paths of graphitic schists in the Black Hills orogen, South Dakota, USA

Nábělek

Chen

2013

Journal Metamorphic Geology

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It is generally thought that garnet in metapelites is produced by continuous reactions involving chlorite or chloritoid. Recent publications have suggested that the equilibrium temperatures of garnet-in reactions may be significantly overstepped in regionally metamorphosed terranes. The growth of small spessartine-almandine garnet crystals on Mn-siderite at the garnet isograd in graphitic metapelites in the Proterozoic Black Hills orogen, South Dakota, demonstrates that Mn-siderite was the principal reactant that produced the initial garnet in the schists. Moreover, the positions of garnet compositions in isobaric, T-(C/H) pseudosections for the schists show that the temperature of the garnet-in reaction from Mn-siderite was overstepped minimally at the most. In the Black Hills, garnet was initially produced during regional metamorphism beginning at c. 1755 Ma due to the collision of Wyoming and Superior cratons, and was subsequently partially or fully re-equilibrated at more elevated temperatures and pressures during intrusion of the Harney Peak Granite (HPG) at c. 1715 Ma. Garnet occurs in graphitic schists in garnet, staurolite and sillimanite zones, the latter being a product of contact metamorphism by HPG. During metamorphism, coexisting fluid contained both CO 2 and CH 4 . In the garnet zone, garnet crystals contain petrographically distinct cores with inclusions of quartz, graphite and other minerals. Centres of the cores have distinctly elevated Y concentrations that mark the positions of garnet nucleation. The elevated Y is thought to have come from the Mnsiderite onto which Y was probably absorbed during precipitation in an ocean. In the upper garnet and staurolite zones, the cores were overgrown by inclusion-poor mantles. Mantles are highly zoned and have more elevated Fe and Mg and lower Mn and Ca than cores. The growth of mantles is attributed to late-orogenic heating by leucogranite magmas and attendant influx of H 2 O that caused consumption of graphite in rock matrices. A portion of the Proterozoic terrane that includes the HPG is surrounded by four large faults. In this 'HPG block', garnet is inclusion-poor and its composition does not preserve its early growth history. This garnet appears to have re-equilibrated by internal diffusion of its major components and/or recrystallization of an earlier inclusion-rich garnet. It has equilibrated within the kyanite stability range, and together with remnant kyanite in the highstrain aureole of the HPG, indicates that the HPG block had a ≥6 kbar history. The HPG block has undergone decompression during emplacement of the HPG. The decompression is evident in occurrences of retrograde andalusite and cordierite in the thermal aureole of the HPG. The data support a polybaric metamorphic history of the Black Hills orogen with different segments of the orogen having their own clockwise P-T-t paths.

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Calamity Peak layered granite-pegmatite complex, Black Hills, South Dakota: Part I. Structure and emplacement

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Granitic pegmatites

Granitic pegmatites

Controls on intrusion of near-trench magmas of the Sanak-Baranof Belt, Alaska, during Paleogene ridge subduction, and consequences for forearc evolution

The initial garnet‐in reaction involving siderite–rhodochrosite, garnet re‐equilibration and P–T–t paths of graphitic schists in the Black Hills orogen, South Dakota, USA

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