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Abiotic stress, including osmotic and salinity stress, significantly affects plant growth and productivity. Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) is essential for copper homeostasis and oxidative stress management. In this study, we investigated the role of the TaCCS1‐B gene of bread wheat in enhancing stress tolerance in yeast and transgenic Arabidopsis. Expression of TaCCS1‐B increased abiotic stress tolerance in recombinant yeast cells. Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis TaCCS1‐B expressing lines demonstrated that they exhibited significantly higher germination rates, increased root length and better growth under osmotic and salinity stress than wild type. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited higher copper accumulation and enhanced photosynthetic pigments and proline level, coupled with reduced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. They also showed higher enzymatic antioxidants' activities, indicating reduced oxidative stress in transgenic lines, resulting in reduced flavonoid content. Gene expression analysis indicated modulated expression of stress‐responsive genes in the transgenic lines under stress conditions. These findings suggested the role of TaCCS1‐B in enhancing stress tolerance by improving copper homeostasis and regulating key stress‐responsive genes. This study highlights the potential of TaCCS1‐B for the development of better stress resilience crops, which is critical for sustaining agricultural productivity for food security under adverse environmental conditions.
Abiotic stress, including osmotic and salinity stress, significantly affects plant growth and productivity. Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) is essential for copper homeostasis and oxidative stress management. In this study, we investigated the role of the TaCCS1‐B gene of bread wheat in enhancing stress tolerance in yeast and transgenic Arabidopsis. Expression of TaCCS1‐B increased abiotic stress tolerance in recombinant yeast cells. Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis TaCCS1‐B expressing lines demonstrated that they exhibited significantly higher germination rates, increased root length and better growth under osmotic and salinity stress than wild type. Additionally, the transgenic lines exhibited higher copper accumulation and enhanced photosynthetic pigments and proline level, coupled with reduced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. They also showed higher enzymatic antioxidants' activities, indicating reduced oxidative stress in transgenic lines, resulting in reduced flavonoid content. Gene expression analysis indicated modulated expression of stress‐responsive genes in the transgenic lines under stress conditions. These findings suggested the role of TaCCS1‐B in enhancing stress tolerance by improving copper homeostasis and regulating key stress‐responsive genes. This study highlights the potential of TaCCS1‐B for the development of better stress resilience crops, which is critical for sustaining agricultural productivity for food security under adverse environmental conditions.
Elevated salinity negatively impacts plant growth and yield, presenting substantial challenges to agricultural and forestry productivity. The bHLH transcription factor family is vital for plants to cope with various abiotic stresses. However, it remains uncertain whether bHLH transcription factors can regulate salt stress in Populus ussuriensis. In the following study, a salt-induced bHLH transcription factor PubHLH66 was identified from P. ussuriensis. PubHLH66 has a typical and conserved bHLH domain. Subcellular localization and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed that it is a nucleus-localized transactivator and the activation region is located at the N-terminus. PubHLH66-OE and PubHLH66-SRDX transgenic P. ussuriensis were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation. Morphological and physiological results demonstrated that PubHLH66-OE enhanced salinity tolerance, as indicated by reduced electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 levels, along with increased proline contents and activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In contrast, PuHLH66-SRDX poplar showed decreased salt tolerance. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) confirmed that PubHLH66 enhanced salt tolerance by regulating the expression of genes such as PuSOD, PuPOD, and PuP5CS, resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and an improved osmotic potential. Thus, PubHLH66 could be a candidate gene for molecular breeding to enhance salt tolerance in plants. These results laid a foundation for exploring the mechanisms of salt tolerance in P. ussuriensis, facilitating the development of more salt-tolerant trees to combat the increasing issue of soil salinization globally.
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