“…AS is not a passive degenerative disease, but an active cellular process which shares clinical and histological similarities with atherosclerosis, including activated inflammatory cells, lipid deposits, calcified nodules and bone tissue [2][3][4][5]. Moreover, it is associated with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, male sex, elevated LDL-c levels, and metabolic syndrome [6,7]. AS is characterized by pathological remodeling and calcification processes, leading to varying degrees of morphologic changes of the aortic valve leaflets, including areas of increased thickening, distortion, rigidity, fibrosis, and the presence of bone-enchondral metaplasia [8].…”