Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times as prognostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a structured meta‐analysis

Meijer, Johannes Arnoldus Anthonius; Cessie, Saskia le; Hout, Wilbert B. van den; Kievit, J.; Schoones, Jan W.; Romijn, Johannes A.; Smit, Johannes W. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03666.x

Cited by 161 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In agreement with this finding is the The Kaplan-Meier curve of survival in patients with normal and abnormal levels of Ca 19.9. A rapid increase of the Ct and CEA Dt is considered a strong prognostic indicator for MTC recurrence and death, as demonstrated in several studies and metanalyses (16,17,18). This study showed that in our group of advanced MTC, not only the Ct Dt but also abnormal serum levels of Ca 19.9 were prognostic factors of death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Elevated level of serum carbohydrate antigen 19.9 as predictor of mortality in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer

Elisei

Lorusso

Piaggi

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In particular, the doubling time (Dt) of both Ct (Ct Dt) and CEA is a strong prognostic indicator for MTC recurrence and death (15,16,17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated level of serum carbohydrate antigen 19.9 as predictor of mortality in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer

Elisei

Lorusso

Piaggi

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…For the time being, the clinician's only effective tools for gauging the progressive or stable nature of a case of MTC are Ct and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) doubling times during the follow-up (19,20). Several studies have attempted to find novel molecular markers capable of identifying the more aggressive MTC with a view to planning appropriate surgery and a tailored patient follow-up right from the start.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined RET and Ki-67 assessment in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: a useful tool for patient risk stratification

Mian

Pennelli²,

Barollo

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) derives from the parafollicular C cells, being sporadic in 75% of cases and familial in 25%, due to RET proto-oncogene germinal mutations. In sporadic forms, stage at diagnosis is the most important negative prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of molecular and immunohistochemical markers in sporadic MTC. Design and methods: We studied 60 patients with sporadic MTC. For each case, we sought RET somatic mutations in the primary cancer and in lymph node metastases. The primary cancer also underwent immunohistochemical examination for Ki-67. Results: A somatic RET mutation was found in 38% of patients, being M918T in 52% of them. We observed a statistically significant association between RET mutations and male gender (P!0.01), tumor size (P!0.05), lymph nodes (P!0.05) and distant metastases (P!0.001), advanced stage (P!0.05), increased risk of persistent disease (PZ0.01), and low overall survival (P!0.01). High Ki-67 levels were similarly associated with extra-thyroid spread (P!0.05), lymph nodes (P!0.05) and distant metastases (P!0.001), advanced stage (PZ0.01), and low overall survival (PZ0.01). Combining somatic RET analysis with Ki-67 assessment seems to be useful for increasing the specificity of Ki-67 assessment alone and identifying patients with a more aggressive cancer: in our series, only the patients who died during the follow-up had both a somatic RET mutation and a Ki-67 expression level O50 cells/mm 2 . Conclusions: The combined evaluation of RET and Ki-67 could act as an adjuvant prognostic marker useful for ameliorating the initial risk stratification of patients with sporadic MTC.European Journal of Endocrinology 164 971-976

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“…Patients with normal levels of tumor markers and imaging after surgery should be followed up annually and those with persistent tumor markers should be observed more closely. Patients with calcitonin and CEA doubling time within 6 months have a shorter overall survival time [107]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

Khosravi¹,

Kouhi²,

Saeedi³

et al. 2017

Diagnosis and Management of Head and Neck Cancer

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Rapidly increasing trend of thyroid cancer incidence has turned this disease into a global concern. An estimated number of 64,300 new cases of thyroid cancer occurred in men and women in 2016, which represents 3.8% of all new cancer cases of USA (htps://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html). Thus, there is a high possibility for every physician to encounter a case of thyroid cancer during his/her professional lifetime. In this chapter, we clariied epidemiology, diferent categories, and new approaches toward diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.Keywords: thyroid cancer, epidemiology, diferentiated thyroid cancer, undiferentiated thyroid cancer, thyroid nodule Detailed epidemiology of thyroid cancerAs the most common endocrine cancer and ifth most common cancer in women, thyroid cancer includes approximately 1-1.5% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed annually in the USA based on previous data [1][2][3]. Thyroid cancer is more prevalent among women and those with positive family history of thyroid disease. Some prior studies have reported a worldwide increasing trend for thyroid cancer incidence in recent decades [4]. Annual percent change (APC) is a commonly used indicator for the assessment of changes in incidence. Based on US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, it has been reported 2.4% from 1980 to 1997 and 6.6% from 1997 to 2009 in both genders for thyroid cancer (data available at htp://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html).© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.According to [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013] data, the rate of new cases of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 men and women per year (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes number of new cases per 100,000 persons by race/ethnicity and sex. A recently published study on adolescent cancer incidence during 1975-2012 has reported a 2.12% increase for females and 1.59% for males between 15 and 19 years of age [5]. However, there is a study indicating that thyroid cancer incidence trend has slowed following release of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline in 2009 [6, 7]. It has been reported that overall thyroid cancer incidence had an increasing trend about 8% per year from 2000 to 2009. But APC showed a deceleration about 3% in men and 2.8% in women, which was conined to tumors less than 2.9 cm of size for women [7].Also, thyroid cancer-related mortality was estimated to consist 0.3% of all cancer-related deaths in 2016. A 5-year survival rate of 98.1% has been reported for thyroid cancer. Despite increasing trend of incidence, thyroid cancer mortality has a relatively stable rate about 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons both from 1973 to 2002 and 2009 to 2013 [8, 9].In conclusion, it seems that thyroid cancer has been following an ...

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Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen doubling times as prognostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a structured meta‐analysis

Abstract: The dts of both calcitonin and CEA are strong prognostic indicators for MTC recurrence and death. CEA dt has a higher predictive value than calcitonin dt and therefore measuring both tumour markers is essential for proper risk stratification.

Cited by 161 publications

References 27 publications

Elevated level of serum carbohydrate antigen 19.9 as predictor of mortality in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer

Elevated level of serum carbohydrate antigen 19.9 as predictor of mortality in patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer

Combined RET and Ki-67 assessment in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: a useful tool for patient risk stratification

Thyroid Cancers: Considerations, Classifications, and Managements

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