“…In hyperoxia‐exposed neonatal rats, a variety of agents have been used as therapeutic agents to ameliorate hyperoxia‐induced lung inflammation/injury and/or the BPD phenotype. These include keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) (Frank, ; Franco‐Montoya et al, ), VEGF (Kunig et al, ; Thebaud et al, ; Kunig et al, ), iNO (ter Horst et al, ), inhaled ethyl nitrite (Auten et al, ), sildenafil (Ladha et al, ; Park et al, ), L‐citrulline (Vadivel et al, ), leukotriene inhibition (Funk et al, ), azithromycin (Ballard et al, ), apelin—a potent vasodilator and angiogenic factor (Visser et al, ), phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE‐4) inhibition (de Visser et al, ; de Visser et al, ), curcumin (Sakurai et al, ), colchicine (Ozdemir et al, ), pentoxifylline (Almario et al, ), Nigella sativa oil (Tayman et al, ), calcitonin‐gene related peptide (Dang et al, ), caffeine (Weichelt et al, ), inhibition of Wnt‐signaling (Alapati et al, ; Hummler et al, ), and administration of cytidine 5′‐diphosphocholine (Cetinkaya et al, ). A variety of stem cells delivered to hyperoxia‐exposed neonatal rat lungs have improved alveolar and vascular growth (van Haaften et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Baker et al, ; Pierro et al, ).…”