Calcium and Colorectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation: A Preliminary Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Bostick, Roberd M.; Potter, John D.; Fosdick, Lisa; Grambsch, Patricia M.; Lampe, Johanna W.; Wood, James R.; Louis, Thomas A.; Ganz, Robert A.; Grandits, Greg

doi:10.1093/jnci/85.2.132

Cited by 75 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Two meta-analyses of observational and interventional studies 4 consistently suggest that high dietary calcium intake may reduce colorectal cancer risk 5 (3;44). A possible mechanism for this protective effect is that free calcium in colon can 6 bind bile acids and fatty acids and consequently prohibit the proliferation and 7 differentiation of colorectal epithelial cell (45)(46)(47)(48)(49). In the present study, although we 8 observed no significantly inverse association between the energy-adjusted dietary 9 calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk, the absolute dietary calcium intake was 10 significantly inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, according to the standard 11 model that controlled for total energy intake as a confounder (HR for highest versus 12 lowest quartile: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.79; P trend = 0.01).…”

Section: Dietary Calcium Intake 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium and magnesium intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality in a German prospective cohort (EPIC-Heidelberg)

Kaaks

Linseisen

et al. 2011

Cancer Causes Control

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To prospectively evaluate the associations of dietary calcium and magnesium intake with cancer incidence and mortality, data of 24,323 participants of the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg), who were aged 35-64 years and cancer-free at recruitment (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998), were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression models. After an average follow-up time of 11 years, 2,050 incident cancers were diagnosed and 513 cancer deaths occurred. Dietary calcium intake was inversely but not statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] for per 100 mg increase in intake: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88, 1.02) and lung cancer risk (HR for per 100 mg increase in intake: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.02). No statistically significant associations were observed between dietary calcium intake and site-specific or overall cancer incidence or mortality. Dietary magnesium intake was not statistically significantly associated with any of the investigated outcomes. This prospective cohort study provides no strong evidence to support that high dietary calcium and magnesium intake in the intake range observed in a German population may reduce cancer incidence or mortality. To prospectively evaluate the association of dietary calcium and magnesium intake with 2 cancer incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality, the authors analyzed data of 3 24,323 participants of the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation 4 into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg), who were aged 35-64 years and cancer-5 free at recruitment stage (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998), using multivariate Cox regression models. After an 6 average follow-up time of 11 years, 2,050 incident cancers were diagnosed and 513 7 cancer deaths occurred (all-cause deaths = 1,161). Dietary calcium intake was inversely 8 but not statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) 9for per 100-mg increase of intake: 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 1.02) and 10 lung cancer risk (HR for per 100-mg increase of intake: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.02). No 11 statistically significant association was observed between dietary calcium intake and total 12 cancer incidence. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of dietary calcium 13 intake, participants in the highest quartile had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 14 1.20; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.45; P trend = 0.09; HR for per 100-mg increase of intake: 1.02; 95% 15 CI: 1.00, 1.05). Dietary magnesium intake was not statistically significantly related to 16 any of the investigated outcomes. This prospective cohort study provides no strong 17 evidence to support the preventive effect of dietary calcium and magnesium intake on 18 cancer incidence and mortality. However, this study suggests a mild adverse effect of 19 dietary calcium intake on all-cause mortality. 20 21

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Section: Dietary Calcium Intake 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium and magnesium intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality in a German prospective cohort (EPIC-Heidelberg)

Kaaks

Linseisen

et al. 2011

Cancer Causes Control

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“…The results of five small uncontrolled clinical trials (Lipkin & Newmark, 1985;Buset et al, 1986;Lipkin et al, 1989;Rozen et al, 1989;O'Sullivan et al, 1993), nine small randomized placebo-controlled trials (Gregoire et al, 1989;Stern et al, 1990;Barsoum et al, 1992;Wargovich et al, 1992;Thomas et al, 1993;Bostick et al, 1993;Cats et al, 1995;Weisgerber et al, 1996;Bostick et al, 1997) and three full-scale randomized placebo-controlled trials (Armitage et al, 1995;Baron et al, 1995;Bostick et al, 1995) suggested that it is unlikely that calcium supplementation can substantially lower colorectal epithelial cell proliferation rates, but it may normalize the distribution of proliferating cells within colon crypts, as reviewed by Bostick, (1997). This is still consistent with the hypothesis that a higher consumption of calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy products and colorectal cancer. A review of possible mechanisms and epidemiological evidence

2003

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Objectives: This review provides an overview of the principal hypotheses and epidemiological evidence of the possible links between colorectal cancer and intake of milk and=or dairy products. Methods: The first section outlines the main hypotheses about the possible effect of calcium, vitamin D, fats and other milk components. The possible role of acid lactic bateria in fermented products is also discussed. The second section is a summary of the published epidemiological evidence. The results on milk, cheese and yoghurt are summarized using a meta-analytical approach. The results of studies on calcium and vitamin D are briefly described. Results: Case -control studies are heterogeneous and, on average, do not provide evidence of association between total intake of total dairy products, milk, cheese or yoghurt and colorectal cancer risk. The average result from cohort studies support the hypothesis of a protective effect of total dairy products (odds ratio (OR): 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52 -0.74; P heterogeneity test: 0.93) and for milk (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 -0.95; P heterogeneity: 0.77). No association was found between cheese (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.88 -1.36; P heterogeneity: 0.55) or yoghurt (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.83 -1.28; P heterogeneity: 0.69) in cohort studies. Conclusions: Cohort studies consistently found a protective effect of total dairy products and milk intake, but the evidence is not supported by case -control studies. No relationship was found with cheese or yoghurt intake. As the number of cohort studies is still limited, their results need to be confirmed by other prospective studies.

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“…An increased risk of colorectal cancer has been attributed to diets high in fat and red meat and low in fruits and vegetables (Willet and MacMahon, 1984;Willet, 1989;Steinmetz and Potter, 1991;Potter et al, 1993). In addition, calcium intake has been found to have a protective effect on colorectal cancer (Garland et al, 1985;Sorenson et al, 1988;Slattery et al, 1988;Lipkin and Newmark, 1995;Kune et al, 1987;Arbman et al, 1992;Peters et al, 1992;Lee et al, 1989;Bostick et al, 1993). A possible protective effect of calcium against colon carcinogenesis has been suggested by animal studies; calcium binds bile acids and fatty acids, and may thus diminish their proliferation on the colon mucosa (Wargovich et al, 1983(Wargovich et al, , 1984Van der Meer and De Vries, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from rectal cancer

Yang

Chiu

1998

Int. J. Cancer

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The possible association between the risk of rectal cancer and the levels of calcium and magnesium in drinking water from municipal supplies was investigated in a matched casecontrol study in Taiwan. All eligible rectal-cancer deaths (986 cases) of Taiwan residents from 1990 through 1994 were compared with a sample of deaths from other causes (986 controls), and the levels of calcium and magnesium in the drinking water of these residents were determined. Data on calcium and magnesium levels in drinking water throughout Taiwan were obtained from the Taiwan

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Calcium and Colorectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation: A Preliminary Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Cited by 75 publications

References 31 publications

Dietary calcium and magnesium intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality in a German prospective cohort (EPIC-Heidelberg)

Dietary calcium and magnesium intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality in a German prospective cohort (EPIC-Heidelberg)

Dairy products and colorectal cancer. A review of possible mechanisms and epidemiological evidence

Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from rectal cancer

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