Calcium and Proteases

Schnellmann, Jennifer; Schnellmann, Rick G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.01931-0

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…29 The ratio of 5-136: 4-136 reported in one study 29 (0.39: 1) was somewhat similar to the ratio formed with CYP2A6 (0.3: 1), whereas a different 5-136: 4-136 ratio (1.3: 1) has been observed in an earlier study. 55 Based on our results, CYP2A6 is involved in the formation of 4-136, and both CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 likely contribute to the formation of 5-136 by HLMs. Differences in the CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 levels in HLMs likely explain the different 5-136: 4-136 ratios observed in metabolism studies with different HLM preparations.…”

Section: Comparison Of Oh-pcb Profiles Formed By Hlms Vs Recombinant P450 Isoformssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The metabolism of PCB 91, PCB 95, PCB 132 and PCB 136 with pooled HLMs has been reported previously. 29,39,40,55 These studies revealed congener-specific differences, but also similarities in the metabolism of these four PCB congeners. PCB 91 was primarily metabolized by HLMs to the 1,2-shift product, 3-100.…”

Section: Comparison Of Oh-pcb Profiles Formed By Hlms Vs Recombinant P450 Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…PCBs, such as PCB 91, PCB 95, PCB 132 and PCB 136, can be metabolized either by direct insertion of an oxygen atom into an aromatic C-H bond or via an arene oxide intermediate 54,55 to a considerable number of OH-PCB metabolites. For example, PCB 95 can potentially be oxidized to a total of 10 OH-PCB congeners.…”

Section: Prediction Of Hydroxylated Pcb Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in the CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 levels in HLMs likely explain the different 5-136: 4-136 ratios observed in metabolism studies with different HLM preparations. 29,55 Atropselective formation of OH-PCBs by CYP2A6.…”

Section: Comparison Of Oh-pcb Profiles Formed By Hlms Vs Recombinant P450 Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human CYP2A6, CYP2B6, AND CYP2E1 Atropselectively Metabolize Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Hydroxylated Metabolites

Uwimana

Ruíz

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

106

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Exposure to chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) are also potentially toxic to the developing human brain; however, the formation of OH-PCBs by human cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms is poorly investigated. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the atropselective biotransformation of 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 91), 2,2',3,5',6pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95), 2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 132), and 2,2',3,3',6,6'hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 136) by different human P450 isoforms. In silico predictions with ADMET Predictor and MetaDrug software suggested a role of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 in the metabolism of chiral PCBs. Metabolism studies with recombinant human enzymes demonstrated that CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 oxidized PCB 91 and PCB 132 in the meta position and that CYP2A6 oxidized PCB 95 and PCB 136 in the para position. CYP2B6 played only a minor role in the metabolism of PCB 95 and PCB 136 and formed metahydroxylated metabolites. Traces of para-hydroxylated PCB metabolites were detected in incubations with CYP2E1. No hydroxylated metabolites were present in incubations with CYP1A2 or CYP3A4. Atropselective analysis revealed P450 isoform-dependent and congenerspecific atropselective enrichment of OH-PCB metabolites. These findings suggest that CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 play an important role in the oxidation of neurotoxic PCBs to chiral OH-PCBs in humans.

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Section: Comparison Of Oh-pcb Profiles Formed By Hlms Vs Recombinant P450 Isoformssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Comparison Of Oh-pcb Profiles Formed By Hlms Vs Recombinant P450 Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Prediction Of Hydroxylated Pcb Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Oh-pcb Profiles Formed By Hlms Vs Recombinant P450 Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Human CYP2A6, CYP2B6, AND CYP2E1 Atropselectively Metabolize Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Hydroxylated Metabolites

Uwimana

Ruíz

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating that para hydroxylated PCBs are further oxidized to PCB catechols by human liver microsomes. 60,70,71,77 The formation of 4,5-di-OH-PCB 11 in HepG2 cells is noteworthy, because this metabolite, like structurally related PCB catechols, most likely can redox cycle and form reactive quinone metabolites. 22 The presence of four Class 2.2 metabolites suggests that di-OH-PCBs other than 4,5-di-OH-PCB 11 were formed by HepG2 cells.…”

Section: Class 2 -Dihydroxylated Pcb 11 Metabolites and Their Conjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3,3′-Dichlorobiphenyl Is Metabolized to a Complex Mixture of Oxidative Metabolites, Including Novel Methoxylated Metabolites, by HepG2 Cells

Zhang

Flor

Ruíz

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) is a byproduct of industrial processes and detected in environmental samples. PCB 11 and its metabolites are present in human serum, and emerging evidence demonstrates that PCB 11 is a developmental neurotoxicant. However, little is known about the metabolism of PCB 11 in humans. Here we investigated the metabolism of PCB 11 and the associated metabolomics changes in HepG2 cells using untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to PCB 11 in DMSO or DMSO alone. Cell culture media were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thirty different metabolites were formed by HepG2 cells exposed to 10 μM PCB 11, including monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, hydroxylatedmethoxylated, and methoxylated-di-hydroxylated metabolites, and the corresponding sulfo and glucuronide conjugates. The methoxylated PCB metabolites were observed for the first time in a human-relevant model. 4-OH-PCB 11 (3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl-4-ol) and the corresponding catechol metabolite, 4,5-di-OH-PCB 11 (3',5-dichloro-3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl), were unambiguously

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Ovalbumin has unusually good wood adhesive strength and water resistance

Lorenz

Frihart

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The interest in non-formaldehyde adhesives has reinvigorated studies using proteins from plant and animal sources, with an emphasis on plant-based sources, especially the oilseed plants such as soybean. Although animal-based sources have received much less attention, and ovalbumin from egg whites has not been studied at all, it provides a surprising low viscosity and high wet strength as a wood adhesive. Of the animal and plant proteins used in the past, egg protein has been used for centuries as a binder in tempera, for book illumination, and for gilding, but not as a water-resistant wood adhesive. The isolated ovalbumin is the best, but dried egg whites and whole egg have good adhesive strength. The parameters for ovalbumin wood bonding are examined with thin veneers using ASTM D 7998 and plywood tests using D 906. Sodium metabisulfite, sodium periodate, urea, and polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) improve the wet bond strength, but the surfactants CTAB and SDS at low concentrations do not. Although the high protein content of the ovalbumin is important for good strength, the low viscosity of the protein adhesive provides further insight into protein-protein interactions.

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Calcium and Proteases

Cited by 4 publications

References 182 publications

Human CYP2A6, CYP2B6, AND CYP2E1 Atropselectively Metabolize Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Hydroxylated Metabolites

Human CYP2A6, CYP2B6, AND CYP2E1 Atropselectively Metabolize Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Hydroxylated Metabolites

3,3′-Dichlorobiphenyl Is Metabolized to a Complex Mixture of Oxidative Metabolites, Including Novel Methoxylated Metabolites, by HepG2 Cells

Ovalbumin has unusually good wood adhesive strength and water resistance

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