Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases are involved in growth, thermotolerance, oxidative stress survival, and fertility in Neurospora crassa

Kumar, Rakesh; Tamuli, Ranjan

doi:10.1007/s00203-014-0966-2

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These contrasting results indicated an interesting difference in MAPK choice for different fungal pathogens to resist DMI fungicide(s). Fungal resistance to azole fungicides additionally required some cellular Ca 2+ -signaling processes via CaMKs, specially, via CaMK1, CaMK2 and their homologues [78][79][80]94]. Here we also identified two CaMK homologues CaMK1 (PITC_087700) and CaMK2 (PITC_025800), both up-regulated only in prochloraztreated Pi-R (Table 4 and Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…6d), thus suggesting the contribution of CaMKs to fungal DMI-resistance. CaMKs mediated fungal responses to cell-wall and oxidative stresses induced by fungicides [77][78][79][80]. Thus the involvement of CaMKs in P. italicum DMI-resistance would be a strategy to cope with some azole-induced stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overexpression of CaMK2 (also named Cmk2) in the yeast S. cerevisiae facilitated its resistance to some azolefungicides (e.g., dithiothreitol and miconazole) [77]. Recent studies also implied the essential role of CaMKs in protecting fungal cell wall integrity against oxidative and/or heat stresses [78][79][80].…”

Section: (Continued From Previous Page)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: Penicillium italicum (blue mold) is one of citrus pathogens causing undesirable citrus fruit decay even at strictly-controlled low temperatures (< 10°C) during shipping and storage. P. italicum isolates with considerably high resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides have emerged; however, mechanism(s) underlying such DMI-resistance remains unclear. In contrast to available elucidation on anti-DMI mechanism for P. digitatum (green mold), how P. italicum DMI-resistance develops has not yet been clarified.Results: The present study prepared RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries for two P. italicum strains (highly resistant (Pi-R) versus highly sensitive (Pi-S) to DMI fungicides), with and without prochloraz treatment, to identify prochlorazresponsive genes facilitating DMI-resistance. After 6 h prochloraz-treatment, comparative transcriptome profiling showed more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Pi-R than Pi-S. Functional enrichments identified 15 DEGs in the prochloraz-induced Pi-R transcriptome, simultaneously up-regulated in P. italicum resistance. These included ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-encoding genes, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter-encoding genes, ergosterol (ERG) anabolism component genes ERG2, ERG6 and EGR11 (CYP51A), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling-inducer genes Mkk1 and Hog1, and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) signalinginducer genes CaMK1 and CaMK2. Fragments Per Kilobase per Million mapped reads (FPKM) analysis of Pi-R transcrtiptome showed that prochloraz induced mRNA increase of additional 4 unigenes, including the other two ERG11 isoforms CYP51B and CYP51C and the remaining kinase-encoding genes (i.e., Bck1 and Slt2) required for Slt2-MAPK signaling. The expression patterns of all the 19 prochloraz-responsive genes, obtained in our RNA-seq data sets, have been validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These lines of evidence in together draw a general portrait of anti-DMI mechanisms for P. italicum species. Intriguingly, some strategies adopted by the present Pi-R were not observed in the previously documented prochloraz-resistant P. digitatum transcrtiptomes. These included simultaneous induction of all major EGR11 isoforms (CYP51A/B/C), over-expression of ERG2 and ERG6 to modulate ergosterol anabolism, and concurrent mobilization of Slt2-MAPK and CaMK signaling processes to overcome fungicide-induced stresses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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“…Proteomics (Table 1) show that ATPase 3 (1.60) and a closely related ATPase (1.21) are elevated in os2. However, the Camk4 calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase, which has been implicated in stress responses in Neurospora [47], is much lower (0.43) in os2 than in wt, suggesting a possible interaction between Os2 and Camk4. As a precedent, the Os2 homolog in Schizosaccharomyces pombe , Sty1, is apparently required for transcription of its camk4 homolog, srk1 [48]; and Srk1 is phosphorylated by Sty1 [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Starvation Alters Heat Shock Response, Leading to Death of Wild Type Cells and Survival of MAP Kinase Signaling Mutant

et al. 2016

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A moderate heat shock induces Neurospora crassa to synthesize large quantities of heat shock proteins that are protective against higher, otherwise lethal temperatures. However, wild type cells do not survive when carbohydrate deprivation is added to heat shock. In contrast, a mutant strain defective in a stress-activated protein kinase does survive the combined stresses. In order to understand the basis for this difference in survival, we have determined the relative levels of detected proteins in the mutant and wild type strain during dual stress, and we have identified gene transcripts in both strains whose quantities change in response to heat shock or dual stress. These data and supportive experimental evidence point to reasons for survival of the mutant strain. By using alternative respiratory mechanisms, these cells experience less of the oxidative stress that proves damaging to wild type cells. Of central importance, mutant cells recycle limited resources during dual stress by undergoing autophagy, a process that we find utilized by both wild type and mutant cells during heat shock. Evidence points to inappropriate activation of TORC1, the central metabolic regulator, in wild type cells during dual stress, based upon behavior of an additional signaling mutant and inhibitor studies.

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“…The gene product of cmk1 is a protein named Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase (Ca2 + /CaMKs). Calmodulin and cmk1 proteins participate in different processes including environmental adaptation, oxidative stress response, dimorphism, virulence and drug tolerance, therefore cal and cmk1 genes could be under evolutionary pressure in pathogenic fungi as S. schenckii complex …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population genetics analysis in clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii based on calmodulin and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase partial gene sequences

Rangel-Gamboa

Martínez‐Hernández

Maravilla

et al. 2018

Mycoses

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Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that is caused by diverse species of Sporothrix. High levels of genetic diversity in Sporothrix isolates have been reported, but few population genetics analyses have been documented. To analyse the genetic variability and population genetics relations of Sporothrix schenckii Mexican clinical isolates and to compare them with other reported isolates. We studied the partial sequences of calmodulin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase genes in 24 isolates; 22 from Mexico, one from Colombia, and one ATCC 6331™; the latter was used as a positive control. In total, 24 isolates were analysed. Phylogenetic, haplotype and population genetic analyses were performed with 24 sequences obtained by us and 345 sequences obtained from GenBank. The frequency of S. schenckii sensu stricto was 81% in the 22 Mexican isolates, while the remaining 19% were Sporothrix globosa. Mexican S. schenckii sensu stricto had high genetic diversity and was related to isolates from South America. In contrast, S. globosa showed one haplotype related to isolates from Asia, Brazil, Spain and the USA. In S. schenckii sensu stricto, S. brasiliensis and S. globosa, haplotype polymorphism (θ) values were higher than the nucleotide diversity data (π). In addition, Tajima's D plus Fu and Li's tests analyses displayed negative values, suggesting directional selection and arguing against the model of neutral evolution in these populations. In addition, analyses showed that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase was a suitable genetic marker to discriminate between common Sporothrix species.

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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases are involved in growth, thermotolerance, oxidative stress survival, and fertility in Neurospora crassa

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz

Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz

Glucose Starvation Alters Heat Shock Response, Leading to Death of Wild Type Cells and Survival of MAP Kinase Signaling Mutant

A population genetics analysis in clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii based on calmodulin and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase partial gene sequences

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