Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate‐based flame retardant composition for polypropylene

Deodhar, Sarang; Shanmuganathan, Kadhiravan; Fan, Qinguo; Wilkie, Charles A.; Costache, Maurius C.; Dembsey, Nicholas A.; Patra, Prabir

doi:10.1002/app.32510

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In first step, APP presents an obvious decomposition at 300 to 600°C with about 20 wt% weight loss. This is attributed to the release of the volatile products (NH 3 and H 2 O) and the formation of a highly crosslinked polyphosphoric acids (PPA) . With the temperature increasing, the further decomposition of PPA leads to the formation of P 2 O 5 and P 4 O 10 in the second step, which leaves 14 wt% residual weight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide in halogen‐free and intumescent flame retarding polypropylene

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2013

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article, co‐microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) [M(A&A)] was prepared by using 4,4'‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and melamine (MEL) via in situ surface polymerization method. The chemical composition of M(A&A) was confirmed by Fourier transform‐infrared spectra (FT‐IR). Thermal behavior and surface morphology of M(A&A) were systematically analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Water solubility tests indicate that water solubility of M(A&A) decreases greatly than un‐microencapsulated ones. Besides, flame retardant properties of polypropylene (PP) compositing with M(A&A) were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL‐94) and cone calorimeter. The results demonstrate the LOI value of PP composites is improved after combining with co‐microencapsulated flame retardants. Compared with PP/A&A, the peak heat release rate of PP/M(A&A) decreases from 210 to 120 kW/m2 at the same flame retardant loading level. Moreover, in order to investigate the flame retardant mechanism, the char residue of PP composites after combustion was studied by optical photos, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra and FT‐IR. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:715–729, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide in halogen‐free and intumescent flame retarding polypropylene

Zheng

Sun

et al. 2013

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the presence of CES can enhance the water repellency and adhesive strength of intumescent coatings . Generally speaking, the flame retardant effect of CES in intumescent systems can be explained by the fact that CES (mainly calcium carbonate) could react with acid source (mainly phosphate derivatives) to form calcium phosphate, calcium metaphosphate and non‐combustible gases that dilute the combustible gases and also reinforce the homogeneity and compactness of foamed char layer . It is highlighted that the presence of excessive calcium carbonate will remove the acid source from intumescent systems before the degradation of the phosphate chains, thus decreasing the fire protective behavior .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chicken eggshell on the flame‐retardant and smoke suppression properties of an epoxy‐based traditional APP‐PER‐MEL system

Chu

Yan

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An eco‐friendly bio‐filler was prepared by reusing of chicken eggshell (CES), and well characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM)‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and thermo‐gravimetric (TG) analysis. The influence of CES on the thermal stability, flame‐retardant, and smoke suppression properties of epoxy‐based traditional intumescent system was investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 test, cone calorimeter test, and TG analysis. The results shows that the incorporation of CES improves the LOI value of the samples, and IFR‐3 with 37 wt% intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and 3 wt% CES exhibits the maximum LOI value of 31.5%. The results from cone calorimeter and smoke density tests reveal that the addition of CES greatly decreases the heat release and smoke production of the samples concomitant with an increase in the residual weight, which is ascribed to the formation of a more compact, thermally stable, and intumescent char against heat and mass transfer during burning. The synergistic effect on fire performance between CES and IFR depends on the content of CES, and an excessive content of CES diminishes this synergistic effect. The TG analysis shows that the intumescent system containing CES exhibits high thermal stability and char‐forming ability. Overall, CES can serve as an environmentally friendly bio‐filler and a promising synergist for intumescent systems. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2712–2723, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

show abstract

“…The 8.28% weight loss (Figure ) associated with this step is equivalent to the 44% molecular weight decrease upon loss of CO 2 from CaCO 3 to give CaO. Deodhar et al . used TGA‐FTIR to confirm the release of CO 2 from CaCO 3 around 550 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving flame retardancy and melt processability of polyethersulfone using low molecular weight additives

Owusu-Nkwantabisah

Staudt²,

Lesser

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of a calcium stearate (CaSt2) additive on the melt processability and flame retardancy of polyethersulfone (PES) was studied. Measurements of the viscosity of PES and its composites showed a marked decrease in viscosity with increase in the fraction of CaSt2 additive. About 40% reduction in viscosity of PES was achieved with addition of 5 wt % CaSt2. By decreasing the viscosity, the CaSt2 additive enabled the melt extrusion of PES at lower temperatures up to 90 °C below that of conventional melt processing. The flammability was also investigated using a Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimeter (PCFC). The CaSt2 additive resulted in tremendous improvement in the flame retardancy of PES as evident in the reduction of the heat release capacity (HRC) of the composites by up to 37%. Moreover, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of PES in the composites was up to 84% lower than in the neat polymer. The remarkable improvement in flame retardancy of PES was demonstrated to be related to the rapid charring of the composites and the in situ formation of calcium carbonate/calcium oxide upon decomposition of CaSt2. The CaSt2 additive was also found to enhance the flame retardancy of thermoplastics including polyamide‐6 and polypropylene (PP). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43525.

show abstract

Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate‐based flame retardant composition for polypropylene

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Co‐microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide in halogen‐free and intumescent flame retarding polypropylene

Co‐microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide in halogen‐free and intumescent flame retarding polypropylene

Effect of chicken eggshell on the flame‐retardant and smoke suppression properties of an epoxy‐based traditional APP‐PER‐MEL system

Improving flame retardancy and melt processability of polyethersulfone using low molecular weight additives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About