Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism in Goats Fed a Low Protein Diet

Mi, Hui; Haobang, Li; Jiang, Weimin; Wu, Song; Yan, Qiongxian; He, Zhixiong; Tan, Zhiliang

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.829872

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The serum concentrations of CT, OC, and HYP decreased with dietary Ca levels ranging from 0.50% to 0.68% and then ascended with dietary Ca levels up to 0.98%. The OC, HYP, and ALP concentrations can reflect the Ca metabolism of animals [ 32 , 33 ]. Previously, a study showed that the serum OC and ALP contents of growing sheep and goats increased with the increase in dietary Ca concentrations [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Requirement of Yunnan Semi-fine Wool Rams (Ovis aries) Based on Growth Performance, Calcium Utilization, and Selected Serum Biochemical Indexes

Ni,

Zhao,

Danzeng

et al. 2024

Animals

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Calcium (Ca) is required for the growth and development of sheep, but the requirement of Yunnan semi-fine wool (YSW) rams remains uncovered. The current study aims to estimate the Ca requirement of growing YSW rams based on their growth performance, Ca utilization, and serum biochemical indexes. Forty-five YSW rams (10-month-olds) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with varying Ca levels of 0.50% (D1), 0.68% (D2), 0.73% (D3), 0.89% (D4), and 0.98% (D5). A higher value for average daily gain and a lower value for the feed conversion ratio were observed in the D3 group compared to the D5 group (p < 0.05). The dry matter intake amount changed quadratically with the increased Ca levels (p < 0.05). The levels of Ca intake, fecal Ca, and excreted Ca were significantly higher in the D5 group than those in the D1 group (p < 0.05). The apparent Ca digestibility rate and the Ca retention rate were significantly higher in the D4 group than in the D1 group (p < 0.05). The serum Ca concentration increased linearly with the incremental levels of dietary Ca (p < 0.05). The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of hydroxyproline, osteocalcin, and calcitonin decreased from the D1 group to the D2 group, and then significantly ascended (p < 0.05) with the dietary Ca levels from the D3 group to the D5 group. The serum parathyroid hormone content was elevated from the D1 group to the D3 group and then decreased from the D4 group to the D5 group. After calculation, the daily net Ca requirement for the maintenance of YSW rams was 0.073 g/kg of BW0.75, and the daily total Ca requirement was 0.676 g/kg of BW0.75. To optimize the growth performance and the Ca utilization of YSW rams, the recommended dietary Ca level ranges from 0.73% to 0.89% based on this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Requirement of Yunnan Semi-fine Wool Rams (Ovis aries) Based on Growth Performance, Calcium Utilization, and Selected Serum Biochemical Indexes

Ni,

Zhao,

Danzeng

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…BMSC grown in a decreased AA concentration showed early senescence and cell death [ 173 ]. Whilst AA availability in low-protein intake (LPD) has been shown to impair bone mass during growth through IGF-I with age [ 174 ], there is little known about how LPD effects the overall bone health and BMSC fate differentiation in young adults [ 175 ]. Other studies of mouse maternal protein intakes have also shown to affect foetal bone formation and mineral quality; yet, these findings were gender-specific and inconsistent among all experimental groups [ 176 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Environmental Factors In Msc Aging and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging

Smith

Shirazi

Cakouros

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual’s lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without any mutation in the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenetic profiles of cells are dynamic and mediated by different mechanisms, including histone modifications, non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing and DNA methylation. Given the underlining role of dysfunctional mesenchymal tissues in common age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, investigations into skeletal stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their functional deregulation during aging has been of great interest and how this is mediated by an evolving epigenetic landscape. The present review describes the recent findings in epigenetic changes of MSCs that effect growth and cell fate determination in the context of aging, diet, exercise and bone-related diseases.

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Metabolism of vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphorus and their disorders in goats

Sakhniuk,

Hotsuliak

2023

Nauk. vìsn. vet. med.

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The review article presents materials on the metabolism of the mostcommon vitamins of group D ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3), aswell as essential macronutrients Ca and Phosphorus and their disorders ingoats. Since the primary forms of vitamin D (D2 and D3) are biologicallyinactive and must undergo several stages of hydroxylation to be activated,the biological role and importance for the body of active metabolites ofvitamin D3 25OH D3 (synthesised mainly in the liver under the influenceof hepatic cytochromes P450) and 1, 25(OH)2 D3 and 24,25(OH)2 D3 (theirsynthesis occurs via 1α-hydroxylase in the mitochondria of proximal cellsof the convoluted tubules of the kidneys).It is believed that the liver, while playing an important role in themetabolism of vitamin D and its metabolites and producing 25OH D3, isalso the only organ that synthesises DBP, which transports 25OH D3 totissues and maintains its concentration in the circulatory system.Vitamin D becomes biologically active only after the second stageof hydroxylation is completed. Renal 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1),regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), plays an important role inthe transformation of the extracellular substrate 25OH D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3, which exerts its effect on target cells and tissues by binding to thenuclear vitamin D receptor. Alternatively, 1,25(OH)2 D3 can bind to theplasma membrane VDR and induce non-genomic actions, in particular,stimulation of intestinal calcium transport.Vitamin D is a steroid substance that is essential for all vertebratesto maintain calcium and phosphorus metabolism within optimal limits, ahealthy skeleton, muscle contraction, modulation of cell growth and neuromuscular function. Calciferol also regulates the immune system, inhibits the development of pathological cells, angiogenesis and inflammatoryreactions. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2 D3, stimulates intestinal absorption and renal Ca reabsorption and maintains its minimumphysiological level in the blood.Vitamin D deficiency in goats leads to a decrease in productivity, causesa decrease in intestinal and renal calcium reabsorption, which leads to theincrease in parathyroid hormone levels. This process leads to activation ofosteocytes and, as a result, accelerates bone demineralisation, causing thedevelopment of many diseases in adults, including nutritional and fibrousosteodystrophy, secondary osteodystrophy, endocrine dysfunction), as wellas rickets in young animals. The development of non-skeletal pathologies,in particular, inflammatory, neoplastic and autoimmune diseases, is also associated with cholecalciferol deficiency in the body. In addition, disordersof D-vitamin and calcium-phosphorus metabolism in goats cause the development of postpartum hypocalcaemia and postpartum hypophosphatemia.In the animal body, calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is maintained by a coordinated interaction of absorption and reabsorptionthrough the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, as well as by storage and mobilization from bone tissue and is regulated mainly by biologically active cholecalciferol metabolites - 25OH D3, 1,25(OH)2 D3, as wellas parathyroid hormone (PTH; synthesised by the pineal glands) andcalcitonin (CT; produced by sparafollicular (light) thyroid C cells) andfibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23).In contrast to monogastric animals, small ruminants do not modulaterenal calcium excretion in response to calcium limitation in the diet. Themobilization of Ca and P from the skeleton is stimulated by PTH throughosteoclast activation mediated by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANK). Vitamin D maintains Ca (by stimulating CaZB) and P homeostasis (the direct rapid action of 1,25(OH)2 D3 has been proven to have a directeffect on the absorption of these vital elements in the intestine, reabsorptionof these cations in the renal tubules and their mobilization from bone tissue).Phosphorus is a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nucleotides. Macroergic phosphate compounds, among which the main oneis adenosine triphosphate acid, provide both the accumulation of energyreserves and its consumption (ATP, ADP, creatine phosphate), affectingprotein, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral, and energy metabolism. An interaction between vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a bonehormone that causes the development of phosphaturia and reduces thesynthesis of 1,25(OH)2 D3, has been identified.Despite the multidirectionality of etiological factors, common to allforms of osteodystrophy is a disruption of the processes of bone formation and renewal, which is manifested by increased mobilization of calcium, phosphorus and other elements from bone tissue, so the pathologyis accompanied by osteomalacia, osteoporosis and osteofibrosis, and aviolation of the mechanism of maintaining their homeostasis.The main factors of osteodystrophy in animals are feeding disordersand physical inactivity, and the leading links in its pathogenesis are theimbalance between bone formation and resorption.The main methods for diagnosing disorders of D-vitamin and calcium-phosphorus metabolism in goats are clinical, physical, biochemical,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and pathological and morphological studies. Biochemical analysis in goat serum determines the content oftotal calcium, inorganic phosphorus, activity of alkaline phosphatase andits isozymes, and immunoassay the concentration of 25OH D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Keywords: goats, vitamin D, metabolites, metabolism, calcium,phosphorus, liver, kidneys.

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Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism in Goats Fed a Low Protein Diet

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Calcium Requirement of Yunnan Semi-fine Wool Rams (Ovis aries) Based on Growth Performance, Calcium Utilization, and Selected Serum Biochemical Indexes

Calcium Requirement of Yunnan Semi-fine Wool Rams (Ovis aries) Based on Growth Performance, Calcium Utilization, and Selected Serum Biochemical Indexes

Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging

Metabolism of vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphorus and their disorders in goats

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