Calcium inhibits colon carcinogenesis in an experimental model in the rat

Salas, Joan Viñas; Biendicho-Palau, P; Piñol-Felis, Carme; Miguelsanz-Garcia, S; Pérez-Holanda, S.

doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00197-x

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Whereas calcium supplementation has been effective in reducing the tumor load and incidence in mice fed high fat / low calcium Western diets, 8,33 anticarcinogenic effects have been observed even with a lowfat diet. 5 Additionally, calcium has been shown to directly increase apoptosis in the colorectal epithelium in mice. 34 Therefore, our results suggest that calcium may reduce the risk of colorectal adenomas through other cellular functions, independent of its function neutralizing fatty and bile acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium supplementation has been shown to reduce the number and incidence of colon tumors in a number of different animal studies. [1][2][3][4][5] However, the most promising evidence in humans comes from 2 randomized controlled trials of calcium supplementation to prevent recurrent adenomas in patients previously found to have adenomas during colonoscopy. In those studies, patients taking 1200 mg and 2000 mg calcium supplements were, respectively, 19% (relative risk [RR] ¼ 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.99) and 44% (RR ¼ 0.66, 95% CI: 0.38-1.17) less likely to develop recurrent adenomas compared with patients taking placebo.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Calcium, dietary, and lifestyle factors in the prevention of colorectal adenomas

Miller

Keku

Satia

et al. 2007

Cancer

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BACKGROUND.Many studies have suggested a role for calcium in reducing the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer but its effectiveness may be dependent on interactions with other dietary and/or lifestyle factors. We examined the association between calcium and prevalence of adenomas and assessed whether the association was stronger in biologically plausible subgroups.METHODS.Cross‐sectional data from 222 cases and 479 adenoma‐free controls who underwent colonoscopies and completed food frequency and lifestyle questionnaires were used in the analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between calcium and prevalence of adenomas. Stratified analyses and the likelihood ratio test were used to examine effect modification by various demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral factors.RESULTS.Overall, little association was observed comparing total calcium intake of ≥900 mg/day to <500 mg/day (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–1.37). However, stronger associations were observed in patients with lower fat intake and in those who regularly (≥15 times/month) took nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Specifically, total calcium intake of ≥900 mg/day was associated with a lower prevalence of adenomas among patients with lower fat intake (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.91) but not among those with higher fat intake (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.61–2.35; P‐value for interaction = .01). For NSAIDs, the associations were OR = 0.37 (95% CI: 0.16–0.86) for regular NSAID users and OR = 1.27 (95% CI: 0.73–2.22) with infrequent or nonuse of NSAIDs, respectively (P = .06).CONCLUSIONS.The data suggest that a lower‐fat diet and regular NSAID use may enhance calcium's effectiveness as a colorectal cancer preventive agent. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Calcium, dietary, and lifestyle factors in the prevention of colorectal adenomas

Miller

Keku

Satia

et al. 2007

Cancer

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“…Each year there are about one million new cases of colorectal cancer. Its incidence has increased over the last 25 years 1. Colorectal cancer is a disease that is manifested by the formation of adenomatous polyps and malignant cells in the colon 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colon-specific delivery systems would allow for the local delivery of a high concentration of active agents in the colon to improve pharmacotherapy and reduce its potential systemic toxicity and side effects 3. The early detection, diagnosis, and the use of more effective and less toxic systems would tremendously improve the efficacy of therapy 1-3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of 5-fluorouracil solid-lipid nanoparticles: a preliminary study to treat colon cancer

Yassin¹,

Anwer²,

Mowafy³

et al. 2010

Int. J. Med. Sci.

169

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Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNs) formulae were utilized for the release of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) inside the colonic medium for local treatment of colon cancer. SLNs were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique (w/o/w) using triglyceride esters, Dynasan™ 114 or Dynasan™ 118 along with soyalecithin as the lipid parts. Different formulation parameters; including type of Dynasan, soyalicithin:Dynasan ratio, drug:total lipid ratio, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration were studied with respect to particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. Results showed that formula 8 (F8) with composition of 20% 5-FU, 27% Dynasan™ 114, and 53% soyalithicin and F14 (20% 5-FU, 27% Dynasan™ 118, and 53% soyalithicin), which were stabilized by 0.5% PVA, as well as F10 with similar composition as F8 but stabilized by 2% PVA were considered the optimum formulae as they combined small particle sizes and relatively high encapsulation efficiencies. F8 had a particle size of 402.5 nm ± 34.5 with a polydispersity value of 0.005 and an encapsulation efficiency of 51%, F10 had a 617.3 nm ± 54.3 particle size with 0.005 polydispersity value and 49.1% encapsulation efficiency, whereas formula F14 showed a particle size of 343 nm ± 29 with 0.005 polydispersity, and an encapsulation efficiency of 59.09%. DSC and FTIR results suggested the existence of the lipids in the solid crystalline state. Incomplete biphasic prolonged release profile of the drug from The three formulae was observed in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as well as simulated colonic medium containing rat caecal contents. A burst release with magnitudes of 26%, 32% and 28.8% cumulative drug released were noticed in the first hour samples incubated in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 for both F8, F10 and F14, respectively, followed by a slow release profile reaching 50%, 46.3% and 52% after 48 hours.

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“…Several studies have documented a weak inverse association between calcium intake and various cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (8,19). However, human observational and intervention studies have yielded conflicting evidence (6).…”

Section: Essential Nutrients and Phytonutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews

Milner¹,

Mcdonald²,

Anderson³

et al. 2001

Nutrition and Cancer

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Dietary nutrients can influence cancer risk by inhibiting or enhancing carcinogenesis through diverse mechanisms of action. The identification and elucidation of their sites of action have been a focus of nutrition and cancer research for more than four decades. Transforming nutrition and cancer research from a predominantly observational to a molecular approach offers exciting opportunities for truly identifying those who will and will not benefit from dietary intervention strategies. The emerging field of nutritional genomics, defined here as the study of any genetic or epigenetic interaction with a nutrient, will be key to this evolution. Unraveling which genetic upregulation or downregulation leads to subsequent phenotype changes will not be easy. There is evidence that genetic polymorphisms can influence the dynamics between nutrients and molecular targets and, thus, contribute to variation in response among individuals. Because many molecular targets will likely be identified, it may be necessary to credential nutrients, that is, to determine which specific nutrient-related genetic and epigenetic changes bring about phenotypic changes, to establish which interactions are the most important and under what circumstances. Vitamin D, calcium, folate, selenium, genistein, and resveratrol are highlighted, because they represent specific classes of nutrients and illustrate the need to credential various nutrients to understand their physiological significance in cancer prevention. As the science of nutrition unfolds, a clearer understanding will emerge about how nutrients can modulate cancer risk through molecular interactions and how foods might be changed by agronomic approaches and/or biotechnology. Undeniably, embracing new genomic technologies offers exciting opportunities for advances in the broad area of nutrition, especially those related to cancer prevention.

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Calcium inhibits colon carcinogenesis in an experimental model in the rat

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Calcium, dietary, and lifestyle factors in the prevention of colorectal adenomas

Calcium, dietary, and lifestyle factors in the prevention of colorectal adenomas

Optimization of 5-fluorouracil solid-lipid nanoparticles: a preliminary study to treat colon cancer

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