Calcium ion induces outer membrane fusion of<i>Deinococcus grandis</i>spheroplasts to generate giant spheroplasts with multiple cytoplasms

Nishino, Koki; Nishida, Hiromi

doi:10.1093/femsle/fny282

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The osmotic pressure of incubation media plays an important role in the maintenance of bacterial protoplasts/spheroplasts [ 25 ]. They do not enlarge when under an osmotic pressure higher than the suitable one [ 26 ], whereas their plasma membranes break when the osmotic pressure is below the optimum. For example, in spheroplasts of the Gram-negative radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus grandis , the plasma membrane breaks under a low osmotic pressure, whereas the outer membrane does not [ 26 ].…”

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They do not enlarge when under an osmotic pressure higher than the suitable one [ 26 ], whereas their plasma membranes break when the osmotic pressure is below the optimum. For example, in spheroplasts of the Gram-negative radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus grandis , the plasma membrane breaks under a low osmotic pressure, whereas the outer membrane does not [ 26 ]. Thus, D. grandis cells seem to be maintained under low osmotic pressure; however, plasma membrane-broken cells are dead and cannot enlarge [ 26 ].…”

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in spheroplasts of the Gram-negative radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus grandis , the plasma membrane breaks under a low osmotic pressure, whereas the outer membrane does not [ 26 ]. Thus, D. grandis cells seem to be maintained under low osmotic pressure; however, plasma membrane-broken cells are dead and cannot enlarge [ 26 ]. In D. grandis spheroplasts, the outer membrane has a higher osmotic pressure resistance than the inner (plasma) membrane.…”

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used Difco Marine Broth (5 g/L peptone, 1 g/L yeast extract, 0.1 g/L ferric citrate, 19.45 g/L NaCl, 5.9 g/L MgCl 2 , 3.24 g/L MgSO 4 , 1.8 g/L CaCl 2 , 0.55 g/L KCl, 0.16 g/L NaHCO 3 , 0.08 g/L KBr, 34 mg/L SrCl 2 , 22 mg/L H 3 BO 3 , 8 mg/L Na 2 HPO 4 , 4 mg/L Na 2 SiO 3 , 2.4 mg/L NaF, and 1.6 mg/L NH 4 NO 3 ; BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ) containing penicillin (DMBp) as an incubation medium for cell enlargement of both marine and non-marine bacteria. We chose this medium because it has a higher osmotic pressure than other media and because most bacterial protoplasts/spheroplasts live stably under seawater osmotic conditions [ 24 , 26 , 28 ].…”

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, outer membrane fusion occurs when incubation is done in a medium containing calcium ions [ 26 , 37 ], but not when incubated in a medium containing magnesium ions. Outer membrane fusion was observed at 200 mM of calcium ions, but was not observed at 100 mM of both calcium and magnesium ions as well as at 200 mM of magnesium ions [ 26 ]. These results indicate that calcium and magnesium ions do not have the same function in the enlargement of the outer membrane of D. grandis [ 26 , 37 ].…”

Section: Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Factors That Affect the Enlargement of Bacterial Protoplasts and Spheroplasts

Nishida

2020

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell enlargement is essential for the microinjection of various substances into bacterial cells. The cell wall (peptidoglycan) inhibits cell enlargement. Thus, bacterial protoplasts/spheroplasts are used for enlargement because they lack cell wall. Though bacterial species that are capable of gene manipulation are limited, procedure for bacterial cell enlargement does not involve any gene manipulation technique. In order to prevent cell wall resynthesis during enlargement of protoplasts/spheroplasts, incubation media are supplemented with inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis such as penicillin. Moreover, metal ion composition in the incubation medium affects the properties of the plasma membrane. Therefore, in order to generate enlarged cells that are suitable for microinjection, metal ion composition in the medium should be considered. Experiment of bacterial protoplast or spheroplast enlargement is useful for studies on bacterial plasma membrane biosynthesis. In this paper, we have summarized the factors that influence bacterial cell enlargement.

show abstract

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osmotic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Factors That Affect the Enlargement of Bacterial Protoplasts and Spheroplasts

Nishida

2020

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Protoplast fusion between Blakeslea trispora 14,271 (+) and 14,272 (−) enhanced the yield of lycopene and β-carotene

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Species-dependent protoplast enlargement involves different types of vacuole generation in bacteria

Takahashi

Mizuma

Kami

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vacuole generation occurs frequently during the enlargement of bacterial protoplasts and spheroplasts. Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis protoplasts and gram-negative Lelliottia amnigena spheroplasts had large and small vacuoles inside the cytoplasm, respectively. Although no vacuoles were found at the early stage of cell enlargement, all enlarged cells used in the microinjection procedures had vacuoles. The plasma membrane of L. amnigena was more flexible than that of E. faecalis. In addition, E. faecalis protoplasts had unique discoidal structures as well as spherical structures in the cytoplasm. Our findings showed that the number of vacuoles increased as the L. amnigena plasma membrane expanded and that the size of vacuoles increased as the E. faecalis plasma membrane expanded, suggesting that bacterial cell enlargement involved vacuole generation. Thus, biosynthesis of the plasma and vacuolar membranes was synchronous with the bacterial cell enlargement. Differences in the plasma membrane flexibility might influence the different types of vacuole generation.

show abstract

Calcium ion induces outer membrane fusion ofDeinococcus grandisspheroplasts to generate giant spheroplasts with multiple cytoplasms

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Factors That Affect the Enlargement of Bacterial Protoplasts and Spheroplasts

Factors That Affect the Enlargement of Bacterial Protoplasts and Spheroplasts

Protoplast fusion between Blakeslea trispora 14,271 (+) and 14,272 (−) enhanced the yield of lycopene and β-carotene

Species-dependent protoplast enlargement involves different types of vacuole generation in bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About