Calcium Levels of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples as Influenced by Calcium Sprays, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic Acid, and Other Plant Growth Regulator Sprays1

Stahly, E. A.; Benson, Nels R.

doi:10.21273/jashs.101.2.120

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Previously we found that the earlier TIBA was applied the more fruit Ca content was reduced and the more bitter pit developed (12). This, along with the present informa tion, seems to support the findings of others (2, 4, 7, 8 , 11, 13) that early season Ca accumulation largely determines the fruit's susceptibility to physiological disorders.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal Accumulation of Calcium and Potassium in the Cortex of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Sprayed with 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid

Stahly

Benson

1982

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The accumulation of Ca and K in the cortex of fruits of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) from trees sprayed with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) was measured during 2 growing seasons. TIBA reduced the rate of Ca accumulation in treated fruits within 2 or 3 weeks of application, and the slower rate of accumulation persisted through most of the season. K accumulation in the latter part of the growing season was enhanced by TIBA. The cortex of treated fruits was lower in Ca and higher in K than that of untreated fruits at harvest. In 1 year, TIBA-treated fruit had a higher dry weight and higher N content than unsprayed fruit. Bitter pit appeared in fruit from all treated trees both years.

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confidence: 92%

Seasonal Accumulation of Calcium and Potassium in the Cortex of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Sprayed with 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid

Stahly

Benson

1982

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“…In addition, the diameter of fruit pedicels, the calyx concave depth, and total soluble solids were reported to be changed in disordered fruits [3]. A wide range of environmental, physiological, and biochemical factors, such as tree age, soil conditions, the climate of the growing season [11], rootstocks [12], flower position and flowering time [13], growth regulators [14], as well as different daily orchard managements, including irrigation, fertilization, and pruning [8,15,16], have all been reported to influence the incidence of cork spot disorder. An imbalance in mineral nutrition in the fruit was regarded as the principal influence factor for cork spot disorder [17,18], of which calcium (Ca) deficiency has received the most attention [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Cork Spot Disorder on ‘Akizuki’ Pear Fruit

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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Cork spot is a common physiological disorder in pear fruits, which has been found in some pear cultivars. Mineral nutrition imbalance in fruit is regarded as the principal influence factor for disorder incidence, with some ongoing confusion and controversy. In our research, we explored the cork spot characteristics in Japanese pear ‘Akizuki’ (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), adopted metabolome and mineral content analysis for healthy and disordered fruits, and made a correlation analysis of mineral and metabolites. Cork spots are mainly distributed on the outer flesh beneath the fruit peel. In cork spotted tissues, superoxide (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased. A total of 1024 known metabolites were identified from all the samples and more changes in metabolism were detected between normal and cork spotted flesh tissues. Correlation analysis displayed that Ca, especially the Mg/Ca in fruits, could be used to predict whether an orchard will develop cork spot disorder; Mg and B were associated with the appearance of symptoms, and the contents of Zn, Fe, and Mg, as well as Mg/B and Zn/B, might be strongly tied to the formation of cork spots in pears. This research provides insights into the occurrence of pear cork spot disorder and clarifies the role of minerals.

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“…The predominant apple cultivars in the eastern United States exhibit physiological disorders due to low Ca (2,4,19). Disorders such as corking, bitter pit, scald, and internal breakdown have been moderated or reduced by CaCl2 sprays and dips and liming of the orchard (5,7,13,15,20). In addition, Ca(NQ3)2 has been recommended as a readily available source of Ca and N (3,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Management and Calcium Nitrate Fertilization on the Availability of Soil Nitrate and Cations in an Eastern Apple Orchard

Glenn

Miller

Habecker

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Four annual applications of Ca(NO3)2 were made to ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Delicious’ apple trees beginning in the second leaf at rates of 0.5 to 8 times the recommended rate (45 g/tree per year of age) in each of three soil management systems: cultivated, herbicide, and mowed sod. Soil samples were collected in Mar. and July 1983 (fifth leaf) to a 120-cm depth at the tree drip line. July samples were analyzed for available Ca, Mg, K, Mn, percentage of base saturation, NO3-N, and soil pH (0.01 m CaCl2); March samples only for NO3-N. The sod system had the highest soil pH, Ca level, and percentage of base saturation; the herbicide had the lowest, and the cultivated treatment was intermediate. The rate of Ca(NO3)2 had no measurable effect on these values except in the surface pH levels (030 cm), where sod was unaffected but the cultivated and herbicide systems had a significant reduction in pH with increasing levels of Ca(NO3)2. Soil Mn availability and leaf Mn increased with increasing Ca(NO3)2 levels in association with the decreasing pH levels. Available soil Mg and leaf Mg decreased with increasing Ca(NO3)2 due to Ca displacement of soil Mg on the cation exchange complex. Leaf Ca was unaffected by Ca(NO3)2 rate or the soil management system. During the growing season (Mar.-July 1983), the herbicide system accumulated significantly more of the applied Ca(NO3)2 than the cultivated or sod systems. No yield response and minimal leaf NO3 response suggested differences in NO3 accumulation were due to variation in leaching due to the soil management systems.

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Calcium Levels of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples as Influenced by Calcium Sprays, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic Acid, and Other Plant Growth Regulator Sprays1

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Seasonal Accumulation of Calcium and Potassium in the Cortex of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Sprayed with 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid

Seasonal Accumulation of Calcium and Potassium in the Cortex of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit Sprayed with 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid

Mineral and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Cork Spot Disorder on ‘Akizuki’ Pear Fruit

Effect of Soil Management and Calcium Nitrate Fertilization on the Availability of Soil Nitrate and Cations in an Eastern Apple Orchard

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