Calcium messenger system in plants

Bw, Poovaiah; As, Reddy

doi:10.1080/07352688709382247

Cited by 331 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 309 publications

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“…In plant cells, there is a growing list of stimulus-response couplings in which cytosolic calcium appears to play an essential role. Examples are stomata opening, gravitropism, and certain light-stimulated chloroplast movements (Hepler and Wayne, 1985;Gilroy et al, 1987;Pooviah and Reddy, 1987;Trewavas and Gilroy, 1991). In this study, we showed that calcium is essential for the ethylene-dependent pathway of PR protein induction but not for the ethylene-independent pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Calcium Requirement for Ethylene-Dependent Responses.

1992

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Ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone, plays a role in plant development, defense, and climactericfruit ripening. Both genetic and biochemical evidence suggest that the response of plants to ethylene is mediated by a specific ethylene receptor. The signal emanating from the receptor-effector complex is then presumably transduced via an unknown cascade pathway. We have used the plant pathogenesis response, exemplified by the induction of the pathogenesis-related gene chitinase, as a paradigm to investigate ethylene-dependent signal transduction in the plant cell. We showed that calcium is necessarily involved in the ethylene-mediated pathogenesis response. Blocking calcium fluxes with chelators inhibited ethylene-dependent induction of chitinase accumulation, but not ethylene independent induction. Artificially increasing cytosolic calcium levels by treatments with the calcium ionophore ionomycin or the calcium pump blocker thapsigargin stimulated chitinase accumulation. Plants grown in calcium-poor soil showed a 10-fold reduction in leaf extractable calcium. Their leaves exhibited a reduced pathogenesis reaction to ethylene and were impaired in another hormone response mediated by calcium, i.e., abscisic acid-controlled closure of guard cells. The addition of calcium to leaves excised from calcium-deficient plants rsstored their sensitivity to ethylene. Ethylene participates in the control of seedling growth, promoting the so-called "triple response" that results in distinct morphological development, such as hypocotyl hook formation. This effect, similar to the ethylene-promoted pathogenesis response, was found to be calcium dependent. The results indicate that calcium is required for a variety of ethylene-dependent processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…EGTA chelates calcium and can specifically reduce the availability of extracellular calcium (Gilroy et al, 1986;Pooviah and Reddy, 1987 Elicitors applied with the addition of 1250 ppm of 2,5-norbornadiene. Proteins were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antichitinase antibody.…”

Section: Induction Of Chitinase Accumulation By the Ethylenedependentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Requirement for Ethylene-Dependent Responses.

1992

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“…Phytochrome is involved in this induction (8,18). Several phytochrome stimulated reactions are thought to be mediated through a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2" concentration (14,15). For example, red light caused a change of chloroplast orientation in Mougeotia and concomitantly an increase in cytoplasmic "5Ca2" (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Involvement of Calcium in the Photoperiodic Flower Induction Process of Pharbitis nil

Friedman¹,

Goldschmidt²,

Halevy³

1989

Plant Physiol.

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EGTA, a specific Ca2+ chelator, inhibited the flowering response of Pharbitis nil when applied to the cotyledons immediately before the inductive dark period. Calcium sprayed 30 minutes after the EGTA blocked the effect of EGTA. The length of the critical dark period was increased both by EGTA and by LaCI3. The calmodulin antagonists W-7 and chlorpromazine also reduced the flowering response. On the other hand, A23187, a calcium ionophore, increased the flowering response. Both EGTA and A23187 were effective at certain times of the photoperiod but had almost no effect when applied at other times. The results indicate that the level of endogenous Ca2+ may be limiting for floral induction in Ph. nil. Ca2+ seems to play a role during the early stages of the inductive dark period.Pharbitis nil is a short-day plant which can be induced to flower by a single photoinductive dark period (8). Phytochrome is involved in this induction (8,18). Several phytochrome stimulated reactions are thought to be mediated through a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2" concentration (14,15). For example, red light caused a change of chloroplast orientation in Mougeotia and concomitantly an increase in cytoplasmic "5Ca2" (3). Red light also promoted germination of Onoclea spores with a parallel increase in total intracellular calcium concentration (19). Those effects were reversed by FR' (3,19).A relationship between phytochrome-mediated induction of flowering and calcium level has not yet been demonstrated. We are aware of only one report on the possible involvement of Ca2" on the photoperiodic induction of flowering: the distilled water-induced inhibition of flowering in the SD plant Lemma perpusilla was partly reversed by the addition of Ca2" (6). In the present study we used EGTA, a specific Ca2" chelator, LaCl3, a calcium channel blocker, two calmodulin antagonists and the calcium ionophore A23187 to examine the possibility that a change in cytosolic Ca2" concentration might affect the floral photoinduction process. MATERIALS AND METHODSSeeds of Pharbitis nil Chois cv 'Violet' (Marutane Seed Co., Kyoto, Japan) were stirred with concentrated H2SO4 for 45 min, rinsed well, and imbibed for 24 h in running tap water. The seeds were sown in wet vermiculite at 1500 h and ' Abbreviations: FR, far red; NB, night break; W-7, N-(C-aminhexyl)5-chloro-l-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride; chlorpromazine, 2-chloro-10-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]phenothiazine. transferred to a growth chamber at 24 ± 2°C with continuous light (17 W m-2, cool-white fluorescent; Tadiran, Israel). Induction treatments were routinely given on the 6th or 7th d as a 16 h dark period at 23C. Thereafter the plants were returned to continuous light at 24 ± 2°C. When desired NB of 10 min light (as above) were applied 8 h after the beginning of the dark period. EGTA (Sigma; aqueous solutions adjusted to pH 7.0 with NaOH), LaCl3 (Fluka), A23 187 (Calbiochem; prepared as 5 x 10-3 M stock solution in ethanol and kept in darkness at -20C) and the calmodulin antagonists W-7...

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“…A variety of cellular processes in plants, such as cytoplasmic streaming, cell division, and exocystosis (Poovaiah and Reddy,18), and plant enzymes such as ATPases and protein kinases, have been reported to be under Ca++ -calmodulin regulation (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The occurrence of calmodulin as a subunit of an enzyme has also been reported in some animal enzymes such as myosin light chain kinase of smooth muscle (22), and skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase (23,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subunit structure of lysine sensitive aspartate kinase from spinach leaves

Kochhar

Sane

1998

IUBMB Life

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SummaryThe lysine -sensitive isoenzyme of aspartate kinase was purified to homogeneity from spinach leaves and its subunit composition was studied. The purified preparation had an apparent molecular mass of 280,000 and separated into two subunits-a large subunit with molecular mass of 53000 and smaller subunit with molecular mass of 17,000 by urea treatment and SDS PAGE. The enzyme molecule has subunit composition of 4 large and 4 small subunits. The activity of the large subunit was stimulated more than two fold by the addition of small subunit and the stimulated activity was inhibited by EGTA. This inhibition could be reversed by Ca + +. Further characteristics of the smaller subunit such as heat stability, behavior on ion exchange chromatography, elctrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels, amino acid composition and pattern, presence of trimethyl lysine, its ability to activate other calmodulin stimulated enzymes and its calmodulin-like nature in RIA tests suggested that this subunit is identical to calmodutin.

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Calcium messenger system in plants

Cited by 331 publications

References 309 publications

Calcium Requirement for Ethylene-Dependent Responses.

Calcium Requirement for Ethylene-Dependent Responses.

Involvement of Calcium in the Photoperiodic Flower Induction Process of Pharbitis nil

Subunit structure of lysine sensitive aspartate kinase from spinach leaves

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