Calcium Metabolism in Aging Inhabitants of Mountain versus Seacoast Communities in the Kii Peninsula

Fujita, Takeshi; Okamoto, Yukiharu; Tomita, T; Y, Sakagami; Ota, Kiichiro; Ohata, Masahiro

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1977.tb00410.x

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Before 1975, the Oshima residents had taken a drinking water from wells and small rivers, rich in Ca and Mg and other minerals. Fujita et al ( 122 ) compared the Ca metabolism of Oshima residents with that of Kozagawa residents. The Kozagawa residents in the mountainous area had thinner bone cortex and a higher frequency of lumbar spondylosis.…”

Section: Conclusion: Therapeutic Strategy and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Strategies and Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress: Application of Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Kii Peninsula of Japan

Yoshida

2022

Front. Neurol.

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A series of extensive gene-environment studies on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinsonism–dementia complex (PDC) in Guam Island, USA, and the Kii Peninsula of Japan, including Auyu Jakai, West New Guinea, have led us to hypothesize that a prolonged low calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) intake, especially over generation, may cause oxidative stress to motor and nigral neurons by an increased uptake of environment metallic elements, i.e., aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe). Otherwise, 5–10% of total ALS cases are familial ALS (fALS), of which 20% of the fALS cases linked to a point mutation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). In the vicinity of the Kii Peninsula, about 7% of the ALS cases are also linked to the SOD1 mutation. Using synchrotron radiation (SR) microbeam, conglomerate inclusion (SOD1 aggregates) within a spinal motor neuron of the fALS case in the vicinity revealed a loss of copper (Cu) in contrast to extremely high contents of Zinc (Zn) and Ca. That means an exceptionally low Cu/Zn ratio with an increased Ca content, indicating the abnormalities of the active site of SOD1 protein of the fALS. Furthermore, sALS in the southernmost high incidence areas of the Kii Peninsula showed a low Cu/Zn ratio within a motor neuron, suggesting a fragility of SOD1 proteins. From the perspective of gene–environment interactions, the above two research trends may show a common oxidative stress underlying the neuronal degenerative process of ALS/PDC in the Kii Peninsula of Japan. Therefore, it is a crucial point for the prospect of therapeutic strategy to clarify a role of transition metals in the oxidative process in both ALS/PDC, including ALS elsewhere in the world. This paper reviews a history of the genetic epidemiological studies, especially from the aspect of gene–environment interaction, on ALS/PDC in the Kii and Guam high incidence foci and the results of a series of analytical research on trace metallic elements within neurons of both sALS and fALS cases, especially using a synchrotron radiation (SR) microbeam of Spring-8 and Photon Factory of Japan. The SR microbeam is an ideal X-ray source, which supplies an extremely high brilliance (high-intensity photon) and tunability (energy variability) to investigate trace metallic elements contained in biological specimens at the cellular level, even more without any damages. This research will provide a valuable information about the mechanism of oxidative stress involved in neuronal cell death in ALS and related neurodegenerative disorders. To elucidate the physicochemical mechanism of the oxidative process in neuronal degeneration, it will shed a new light on the therapeutic strategies for ALS/PDC in near future.

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Section: Conclusion: Therapeutic Strategy and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Strategies and Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress: Application of Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Kii Peninsula of Japan

Yoshida

2022

Front. Neurol.

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“…Mean height and body weight are 162 cm and 59 kg for Oshima men, 159 cm and 54 kg for Shichikawa men, 151 cm and 51 kg for Oshima women, 148 cm and 47 kg for Shichikawa women. The mountainous Shichikawa community is characterized by a higher prevalence of lumbago; smaller clavicular cortical thickness; lower levels of serum phosphorus, total protein and albumin, and serum cholesterol; and higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase 1 …”

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confidence: 99%

Bone Changes and Aortic Calcification in Aging Inhabitants of Mountain Versus Seacoast Communities in the Kii Peninsula

Fujita¹,

Okamoto²,

Y³

et al. 1984

J American Geriatrics Society

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Bone changes and aortic calcification were compared radiographically for different age groups of the inhabitants of two communities on the Kii Peninsula at the central southern tip of the Japanese mainland, one a mountainous Shichikawa village with a traditionally restricted nutritional intake and the other a seacoast village on Oshima Island with an abundant nutritional supply. Changes in the physical properties of the bone were also assessed by resonance measurement. In the mountainous village, bone loss appeared to occur more rapidly than in the seacoast village, as indicated by a significantly higher frequency of thoracic vertebral deformity and more pronounced age-bound decrease of ulnar resonant frequency. Aortic calcification was also more frequent in Shichikawa than on Oshima Island. Such differences were more evident in women than in men. The poorer nutritional intake (especially of calcium and vitamin D) of persons living in the mountainous village (which receives less sunshine) might be responsible for the accelerated age-bound degenerative changes observed in their skeletal and vascular systems.

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Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass and Bone Architecture

Nelson

Villa

2003

Bone Loss and Osteoporosis

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Calcium Metabolism in Aging Inhabitants of Mountain versus Seacoast Communities in the Kii Peninsula

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Therapeutic Strategies and Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress: Application of Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Kii Peninsula of Japan

Therapeutic Strategies and Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress: Application of Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Kii Peninsula of Japan

Bone Changes and Aortic Calcification in Aging Inhabitants of Mountain Versus Seacoast Communities in the Kii Peninsula

Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass and Bone Architecture

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