Calcium Nanoparticles Impregnated With Benzenedicarboxylic Acid: A New Approach to Alleviate Combined Stress of DDT and Cadmium in Brassica alboglabra by Modulating Bioacummulation, Antioxidative Machinery and Osmoregulators

Abstract

At present, the alleviation of stress caused by climate change and environmental contaminants is a crucial issue. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and an organochlorine, which causes significant health problems in humans. The stress caused by cadmium (Cd) and the toxicity of DDT have direct effects on the growth and yield of crop plants. Ultimately, the greater uptake and accumulation of DDT by edible plants affects human health by contaminating the food chain. The possible solution to this challenging situation is to limit the passive absorption of POPs into the plants. Calcium (Ca) is an essential life component mandatory for plant growth and survival. This study used impregnated Ca (BdCa) of benzenedicarboxylic acid (Bd) to relieve abiotic stress in plants of Brassica alboglabra. BdCa mitigated the deleterious effects of Cd and reduced DDT bioaccumulation. By increasing the removal efficacy (RE) up to 256.14%, BdCa greatly decreased pollutant uptake (Cd 82.37% and DDT 93.64%) and supported photosynthetic machinery (86.22%) and antioxidant enzyme defenses (264.73%), in applied plants. Exogenously applied Bd also successfully improved the antioxidant system and the physiochemical parameters of plants. However, impregnation with Ca further enhanced plant tolerance to stress. This novel study revealed that the combined application of Ca and Bd could effectively relieve individual and combined Cd stress and DDT toxicity in B. alboglabra.

Revealing plant growth-promoting mechanisms of Bacillus strains in elevating rice growth and its interaction with salt stress

“…Under salinity stress, the studies have discovered that bacterially inoculated plants have higher antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD, POD, and APX) than control plants (Narayanasamy et al, 2020;Kumar et al, 2021). The findings of this study demonstrate that as the concentration of NaCl in rice plants increased, antioxidative enzyme activities like CAT and SOD were also increased (Numan et al, 2018;Mubeen et al, 2022). Increased NaCl content was closely associated with higher antioxidant enzyme activity in rice (Khan et al, 2017;Numan et al, 2018).…”

Combined Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Bacteria on Osmolytes and Antioxidative Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plant Grown in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water

“…increased the lignin production and activated defense mechanisms and decreased the CAT, SOD, and guaiacol peroxidase level [46]. It was observed that ZnO NPs change into zinc ions which is necessary for metabolic enzymes [52]. Ascorbate peroxidases (APX) scavenge the harmful effect of H 2 O 2 in the plant by utilizing the ascorbic acid and maintain the ROS of chloroplast and other organelles.…”

Fulvic Acid Alleviates Paper Sludge Toxicity in Canola (Brassica napus L.) by Reducing Cr, Cd, and Pb Uptake

“…It is evident from the literature review that heavy metals cause toxic effects in plants by reducing growth and ultimately leading to their death by impeding various physiological mechanisms of plants (Singh et al, 2016 ; Prerna et al, 2019 ; Mubeen et al, 2022 ). These heavy metals compete with nutrient cations for adsorption, alter the structure and function of plants, produce reactive oxygen species, and disrupt the functions of enzymes (Chaab et al, 2015 ; Ahmad et al, 2021 ; Faiz et al, 2022 ).…”