Calcium or Resistant Starch Does Not Affect Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation Throughout the Colon in Adenoma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gorkom, B A P van; Karrenbeld, Arend; Sluis, Tineke van der; Zwart, Nynke; Meer, Roelof van der; Vries, Elisabeth G.E. de; Kleibeuker, Jan H.

doi:10.1207/s15327914nc431_3

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…used a large (45 g/day) dose of RS2 but found no effect on cell proliferation. Van Gorkom et al 60 . administered 30 g/day RS2 but found no changes in cell proliferation (BrdU assay) or crypt length.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of prebiotics on biomarkers of colorectal cancer in humans: a systematic review

2012

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Prebiotics may prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) development in humans by modifying the composition or activity of the colorectal microflora. Epidemiologic and animal studies have shown a reduction in CRC or CRC biomarkers after the administration of prebiotics. Studies using indirect chemical biomarkers of CRC in humans, however, gave mixed results. Recently, human studies measuring direct physical indices of CRC risk after prebiotic consumption have been published. The purpose of this review is to summarize those studies to provide recommendations for the use of prebiotics in CRC risk reduction. A PubMed search was conducted, revealing nine studies. One tested lactulose, two evaluated a blend of oligofructose and inulin, and six measured resistant starch. Lactulose reduced adenoma recurrence, while resistant starch had no effect on adenoma or CRC development. Crypt mitotic location, gene expression, and DNA methylation were somewhat improved after resistant starch consumption. No changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis, crypt morphology, or aberrant crypt foci were found. More human studies measuring physical changes to the gut are needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of prebiotics on biomarkers of colorectal cancer in humans: a systematic review

2012

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“…There have been two large clinical trials of calcium and colorectal epithelial cell proliferation (13, 14) as well as several smaller trials (reviewed in (22), also (16, 21, 41–43)). One of these trials (N=193) found no evidence for a reduction in the labeling index (LI), but a marked, statistically significant proportional decrease in the φ h (13), but the second trial (N=333) (14), with more methodological problems (22), found no effect on either measure of cell proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium on Proliferation and Differentiation In Normal Colon Mucosa: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Fedirko

Bostick

Flanders

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

111

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To investigate the potential efficacy of calcium and vitamin D in reducing risk for colorectal neoplasms and to develop "treatable" phenotypic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms, we conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial to test the effects of these agents on cell cycle markers in the normal colorectal mucosa. Ninetytwo men and women with at least one pathologyconfirmed colorectal adenoma were treated with 2 g/day calcium and/or 800 IU/day vitamin D 3 versus placebo over 6 months. Overall expression and distributions of p21 waf1/cip1 (marker of differentiation), MIB-1 (marker of short-term proliferation), and hTERT (marker of long-term proliferation) in colorectal crypts in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa were detected by automated immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. In the calcium, vitamin D, and calcium plus vitamin D groups relative to the placebo, p21 expression increased by 201% (P = 0.03), 242% (P = 0.005), and 25% (P = 0.47), respectively, along the full lengths of colorectal crypts after 6 months of treatment. There were no statistically significant changes in the expression of either MIB-1 or hTERT in the crypts overall; however, the proportion of hTERT, but not MIB-1, expression that extended into the upper 40% of the crypts was reduced by 15% (P = 0.02) in the vitamin D plus calcium group relative to the placebo. These results indicate that calcium and vitamin D promote colorectal epithelial cell differentiation and may "normalize" the colorectal crypt proliferative zone in sporadic adenoma patients, and support further investigation of calcium and vitamin D as chemopreventive agents against colorectal neoplasms. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2933-41)

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“…Two years of 30g/day of RS2 showed no effect in the development of adenomas or colorectal cancer risk in individuals with Lynch syndrome [66]. Most studies in humans have found no association with RS and cancerous cell proliferation [65,[67][68][69][70], however one study found a decrease in cells undergoing mitosis in the upper portion of the colon after RS supplementation compared to placebo in colorectal cancer patients [68]. There was no effect of RS on tumor cell proliferation, however there were also beneficial changes in expression of key cell cycle regulatory genes and the authors concluded that RS may have a favorable effect on colorectal cancer [68].…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Resistant Starch Intake in Humans

Sweat¹

2016

F Nutr Reprt

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Due to the rise in obesity and obesity-related conditions, there is growing commercial and public interest in foods and food components that promote health and lower risk of chronic metabolic diseases. Resistant starch (RS) is a non-viscous fermentable fiber that has beneficial metabolic effects on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and colon health in humans. While the mechanism behind the effects of RS are unclear, the benefits are thought to result from fermentation of RS in the large bowel by colonic bacteria resulting in a more favorable gut microbial composition and increased concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Evidence indicates that RS may result in increased colonic bacterial species Ruminococcus bromii (R. bromii), and in phylum level changes in Bacteriodetes and Fermicutes. The increase in SCFAs has been shown to potentially play a role in lowering gut pH to improve health, contribute to appetite control and reduced adipose tissue lipolysis; and reduce postprandial serum oxidative stress. Additionally, evidence indicates RS aids in treatment of diarrheal disease by interacting with both the human to increase SCFA concentration, water retention, and fecal weight and to interact with the disease-causing agent such that the insult to the human lumen cells is reduced. Therefore, RS may be a potent dietary therapy for individuals at risk for conditions including metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, and diarrheal diseases. The effects of type, dose, and duration of RS intake and subsequent impact on health are important areas of further research.

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Calcium or Resistant Starch Does Not Affect Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation Throughout the Colon in Adenoma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of prebiotics on biomarkers of colorectal cancer in humans: a systematic review

Effect of prebiotics on biomarkers of colorectal cancer in humans: a systematic review

Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium on Proliferation and Differentiation In Normal Colon Mucosa: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Effects of Resistant Starch Intake in Humans

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