Calcium phosphate precipitation in experimental gaps between fluoride‐containing fast‐setting calcium silicate cement and dentin

Abstract

A novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement containing fluoride (novel-CSC) has been developed for applications in tooth crowns. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the novel-CSC to close the experimental gaps at the dentin-cement interface. The novel-CSC was tested against Vitrebond and GC Fuji II LC. Experimental gaps of 50 or 300 μm width were created between the materials and dentin. Specimens with the 300-μm-wide gap were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline and the closed gap area was measured during 96 h. All specimens with 50 or 300 μm gap width were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) to assess the morphology and chemical composition of the precipitates after 96 h immersion in phosphate-buffered saline. High-resolution micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to evaluate the integrity and continuity of the precipitiates after 96 h and 180 d. In all novel-CSC samples, precipitates closed the gap area completely after 96 h. The SEM/EDX revealed that the globular precipitates closing the gap area were mainly composed of calcium and phosphorus. After 180 d, μCT indicated thicker precipitates compared with initial precipitates only in the novel-CSC group, whereas no precipitates were observed in resin-modified glass ionomers. Novel-CSC promoted continuous precipitation of calcium phosphate, including apatite, and closed the experimental gaps.

Bond strength between dentine and a novel fast‐setting calcium silicate cement with fluoride

“…To date, the fast setting time, improved mechanical properties , apatite‐forming or mineralizing ability , biocompatibility , acceptable clinical results , interfacial gap closure capability , and superior long‐term bonding to dentine, as observed in this study, support further testing on Protooth for potential applications in the tooth crown. Accordingly, Protooth may be a candidate for pulp protection, treatment of endodontic complications, caries sealing, and post or crown cementation.…”

Direct pulp capping of primary molars using a novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement: a randomized clinical trial with 12-month follow-up

“…Novel calcium silicate cement supports apatite formation in physiologic-like solution and the release of fluoride enhances this phenomenon [33]. Interestingly, the apatite precipitations by novel calcium silicate cement close the entrance of dentin-cement gaps, with 50 lm and 300 lm thickness [34], which may contribute to minimize the bacterial leakage.…”

Pull-out bond strength of titanium post cemented with novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement

“…The Protooth formulation has higher mechanical properties than other calcium silicate cements (ProRoot MTA and Biodentine) ( 19 ) with the ability to support superficial apatite deposition when immersed in phosphate-buffered solution ( 12 ). The apatite-forming ability of Protooth endorses closure of the experimental gaps at the cement-dentine interface ( 20 ), and improves its bonding to dentine over time ( 21 ). Biocompatibility of Protooth has been documented in vitro ( 22 ) and in vivo ( 23 - 25 ).…”