Calcium reduces vitamin D and glucocorticoid receptors in the visceral fat of obese male rats

Conceição, Ellen Paula Santos da; Moura, Egberto Gaspar de; Manhães, Alex C.; Carvalho, Janaíne Cavalcanti; Nobre, Jessica Lopes; Oliveira, Elaine de; Lisboa, Patrícia Cristina

doi:10.1530/joe-16-0041

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The anti-obesity or body-fat-lowering effects of calcium in mice have also been reported in other studies [48,49]. In rats, it has been shown that, compared with standard chow, calcium-supplemented chow (10 g CaCO 3 /kg of chow) significantly decreased body mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass in epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric depots [50]. In agreement, dietary calcium supplementation (10 g/kg) resulted in significant reduction of body mass, trunk fat, and total fat in early weaning Wistar rats [51].…”

Section: The Anti-obesity Effects Of Calcium Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…As a result, the WAT index, body fat content, and body weight were significantly reduced by calcium supplementation [47]. In agreement with this, dietary calcium supplementation (10 g/kg) significantly inhibited adipocytes hypertrophy, with a remarkable decrease in adipocyte area in VAT of rats [50]. Similarly, dietary calcium supplementation significantly decreased the lipid droplet sectional area in rat BAT [52].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms For Calcium’s Anti-obesity Effectsmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Obesity is a serious health challenge worldwide and is associated with various comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Developing effective strategies to prevent obesity is therefore of paramount importance. One potential strategy to reduce obesity is to consume calcium, which has been implicated to be involved in reducing body weight/fat. In this review, we compile the evidence for the anti-obesity roles of calcium in cells, animals, and humans. In addition, we summarize the possible anti-obesity mechanisms of calcium, including regulation of (a) adipogenesis, (b) fat metabolism, (c) adipocyte (precursor) proliferation and apoptosis, (d) thermogenesis, (e) fat absorption and excretion, and (f) gut microbiota. Although the exact anti-obesity roles of calcium in different subjects and how calcium induces the proposed anti-obesity mechanisms need to be further investigated, the current evidence demonstrates the anti-obesity effects of calcium and suggests the potential application of dietary calcium for prevention of obesity.

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Section: The Anti-obesity Effects Of Calcium Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Possible Mechanisms For Calcium’s Anti-obesity Effectsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…36,43 An increase in alpha hydroxylase associated with significant reduction of VDR has also been noted in obese induced rats. 44 Alternatively, some of anthropometric parameters including lipid profile and adiposity measures showed significant correlations with VDD. High prevalence of VDD observed in our sample appears to coexist with hyperlipidemia which is positively associated with stress and cortisol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…42,49 In relation to stress, hyperlipidemia in cardiovascular disease patients has contributed to excessive CORT levels. 43,44,50,51 Al-Dujaili et al 29 reported that, in coronary artery disease (CAD), hyperlipidemia can be ameliorated under effect of VD supplementation via decreasing 11β-HSD1 activity. Metabolically, cholesterol is a precursor molecule for VD as well as CORT synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Correlation of selected stress associated factors with vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian men and women</p>

Abu-Samak

AbuRuz

Masa’Deh

et al. 2019

IJGM

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Background: To identify stress associated factors for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in healthy Jordanian people based on serum 25(OH)D levels. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-one Jordanian men and women aged 17-52 years, who were identified as VD deficient 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL, were eligible to participate in the study. Serum vitamin 25(OH) D was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Cortisol, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose were also analyzed. Questionnaires were used to collect lifestyles parameters. Anthropometric parameters including: body mass index (BMI), waist (W) and hip (H) circumferences, W/H ratio (WHR) were also calculated. Results: The vast majority (91%) of the participants had vitamin D deficiency (25-(OH) D <30 ng/mL). Positive correlations were observed between vitamin D deficiency and the following anthropometric parameters in all study sample; gender (P=0.010), height (P=0.22), height/hip ratio (P=0.015) and waist/hip ratio (P=0.013). Lifestyle parameters that indicated very weak positive correlations with VDD were number of family members (P=0.011) and insufficient exposure to sunlight (P=0.023). The following clinical parameters showed weak or very weak correlations with VDD; serum cortisol (r=0.318), low density lipoprotein (r=0.246) and total cholesterol (r=0.133). Skin color and water pipe tobacco smoking were added to the multivariable stepwise regression analyses as they have been weakly correlated with VDD. These predictors together explained only 12.2% of the variance in serum cortisol levels in the VDD study sample. Conclusion: A weak positive association between VDD and elevated serum cortisol was observed in this study. Subcutaneous changes may be involved in that association but further studies are needed to clarify a potential role for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

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“…The male offspring showed higher 1α-hydroxylase in the visceral adipocyte, which may indicate a greater uptake, and consequently, a higher local vitamin D formation. The increase in VAT 1α-hydroxylase has already been observed in other models of obesity programming, i.e., those in which a reduction of VDR is also present, suggesting a resistance to vitamin D action [ 37 , 52 ]. Thus, since vitamin D has anti-adipogenic effects [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], it is possible that our animals, which were programmed by the exposure to tobacco during the lactation period, developed resistance to vitamin D in the adipocyte, which contributes to their hyperplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cigarette Smoke During Breastfeeding in Rats Changes Glucocorticoid and Vitamin D Status in Obese Adult Offspring

Soares

Rodrigues

Peixoto

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Maternal smoking increases obesogenesis in the progeny. Obesity is associated with several hormonal dysfunctions. In a rat model of postnatal tobacco smoke exposure, we previously reported increased central fat depot and disruption of some hormonal systems in the adult offspring. As both glucocorticoids and vitamin D alter lipogenesis and adipogenesis, here we evaluated the metabolism of these two hormones in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver by Western blotting, and possible associations with lipogenesis biomarkers in adult rats that were exposed to tobacco smoke during their suckling period. At postnatal day (PN) 3, dams and offspring of both sexes were exposed (S group) or not (C group) to tobacco smoke, 4 × 1 h/day. At PN180, corticosteronemia was lower in S male and higher in S female offspring, without alterations in peripheral glucocorticoid metabolism and receptor. Adrenal ACTH receptor (MC2R) was higher in both sexes of S group. Despite unchanged serum vitamin D, liver 25-hydroxylase was higher in both sexes of S group. Male S offspring had higher 1α-hydroxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in VAT. Both sexes showed increased ACC protein content and reduced sirtuin mRNA in liver. Male S offspring had lower liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Tobacco exposure during lactation induced abdominal obesity in both sexes via distinct mechanisms. Males and females seem to develop HPA-axis dysfunction instead of changes in glucocorticoid metabolism and action. Lipogenesis in VAT and liver, as well as vitamin D status, are more influenced by postnatal smoke exposure in male than in female adult rat offspring.

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Calcium reduces vitamin D and glucocorticoid receptors in the visceral fat of obese male rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

<p>Correlation of selected stress associated factors with vitamin D deficiency in Jordanian men and women</p>

Cigarette Smoke During Breastfeeding in Rats Changes Glucocorticoid and Vitamin D Status in Obese Adult Offspring

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