Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR), Its Impact on Inflammation and the Consequences on Cardiovascular Health

Sundararaman, Sai Sahana; Vorst, Emiel P. C. van der

doi:10.3390/ijms22052478

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Astaxanthin: to protect neurons from oxidative stress [9]. Calcium lactate and calcium carbonate: to make calcium available to the CaSRs in the GI tract [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysmenorrhea Clinical Pharmacology: Dose Finding of Physiological Modulators in Foods or Capsules

Cornelli¹

2022

Womens Health Care Issues

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Background: Dysmenorrhea is a disease, which occurs in about 45% of women in childbearing age. Objective: Dose finding study to evaluate the activity of specific physiological modulators (PMs) aimed at protecting GABAA receptors and CaSRs (calcium sensing receptors) against oxidative stress (OS) and at reducing the discomfort caused by dysmenorrhea. Methods: The discomfort was measured using a score of from 0 to 5 and plasma antioxidant capacity was determined using a plasma antioxidant test (PAT). The PMs were combined and administered at low doses in the form of specific foods (SFs) and capsules. Twenty women with a score of ≥ 3 took part in the study during 5 sessions of 4 hours. In session 1, the women were treated with placebo, whereas in sessions from 2 to 5 they alternated between capsules and SFs containing the same amount of PMs. In sessions 4 and 5, the PM doses were double those taken in sessions 2 and 3. At the end of each sessions, women were asked about the need of pain relief as an indirect measurement of treatment efficacy. Results: The SFs and capsules reduced the discomfort in 60% and 75% of cases respectively. However, the effect with capsules was more rapid and lasted longer than with SFs. The need for pain relief was lower after treatment with capsules than it was with SFs. The increase in PAT was similar for both treatments. Conclusions: PMs taken as SFs or capsules showed similar activity, but capsules had a significantly more rapid and longer lasting effect.

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“…Astaxanthin: to protect neurons from oxidative stress [9]. Calcium lactate and calcium carbonate: to make calcium available to the CaSRs in the GI tract [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysmenorrhea Clinical Pharmacology: Dose Finding of Physiological Modulators in Foods or Capsules

Cornelli¹

2022

Womens Health Care Issues

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“…CaSR is a seven-transmembrane-domain receptor, belonging to the family of G-proteincoupled receptors [66]. It is expressed in several organs, including vascular cells [67,68]. It senses extracellular levels of multivalent ions, polyamines, and polypeptides as well as aminoglycoside antibiotics [66,68].…”

Section: Calcium-sensing Receptor (Casr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expressed in several organs, including vascular cells [67,68]. It senses extracellular levels of multivalent ions, polyamines, and polypeptides as well as aminoglycoside antibiotics [66,68]. It also activates intracellular signaling pathways for cellular proliferation and differentiation.…”

Section: Calcium-sensing Receptor (Casr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification

2021

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Vascular calcification, once considered a degenerative, end-stage, and inevitable condition, is now recognized as a complex process regulated in a manner similar to skeletal bone at the molecular and cellular levels. Since the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein in calcified human atherosclerotic lesions, decades of research have now led to the recognition that the regulatory mechanisms and the biomolecules that control cardiovascular calcification overlap with those controlling skeletal mineralization. In this review, we focus on key biomolecules driving the ectopic calcification in the circulation and their regulation by metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory stimuli. Although calcium deposits in the vessel wall introduce rupture stress at their edges facing applied tensile stress, they simultaneously reduce rupture stress at the orthogonal edges, leaving the net risk of plaque rupture and consequent cardiac events depending on local material strength. A clinically important consequence of the shared mechanisms between the vascular and bone tissues is that therapeutic agents designed to inhibit vascular calcification may adversely affect skeletal mineralization and vice versa. Thus, it is essential to consider both systems when developing therapeutic strategies.

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“…Studies of CaSR mutations, which cause disorders of calcium homeostasis, showed. G-protein independent signaling [ 393 ]. Functional assessment of these mutations demonstrated the importance of the homodimer interface and transmembrane domain in biased signaling.…”

Section: Amino Acid Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CaSR is expressed on immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, proerythroblasts, erythroblasts, and megakaryocytes [ 393 ]. CaSR is also expressed by T lymphocytes, although not by B lymphocytes [ 406 ].…”

Section: Amino Acid Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases

Strassheim

Sullivan

Irwin

et al. 2021

Cells

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.

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Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR), Its Impact on Inflammation and the Consequences on Cardiovascular Health

Cited by 39 publications

References 108 publications

Dysmenorrhea Clinical Pharmacology: Dose Finding of Physiological Modulators in Foods or Capsules

Dysmenorrhea Clinical Pharmacology: Dose Finding of Physiological Modulators in Foods or Capsules

Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification

Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases

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