Calcium Silicate-Activated Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogel for Accelerating Human Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation and Differentiation

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex process that requires specific interactions between multiple cells such as fibroblasts, mesenchymal, endothelial, and neural stem cells. Recent studies have shown that calcium silicate (CS)-based biomaterials can enhance the secretion of growth factors from fibroblasts, which further increased wound healing and skin regeneration. In addition, gelatin methacrylate (GelMa) is a compatible biomaterial that is commonly used in tissue engineering. However, it has low mechanical properties, thus restricting its fullest potential for clinical applications. In this study, we infused Si ions into GelMa hydrogel and assessed for its feasibility for skin regeneration applications by observing for its influences on human dermal fibroblasts (hDF). Initial studies showed that Si could be successfully incorporated into GelMa, and printability was not affected. The degradability of Si-GelMa was approximately 20% slower than GelMa hydrogels, thus allowing for better wound healing and regeneration. Furthermore, Si-GelMa enhanced cellular adhesion and proliferation, therefore leading to the increased secretion of collagen I other important extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling-related proteins including Ki67, MMP9, and decorin. This study showed that the Si-GelMa hydrogels were able to enhance the activity of hDF due to the gradual release of Si ions, thus making it a potential candidate for future skin regeneration clinical applications.

Synergies of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell-Laden Calcium Silicate-Activated Gelatin Methacrylate for Accelerating 3D Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Differentiation for Endodontic Regeneration

“…As shown, increasing the concentrations of Si positively regulated the stress, with Si0.5 and Si1.0 increasing the stress by 30% and 69% than Si0, respectively. As reported previously, the addition of Si ions increased Si-OH bonds, thus increasing the overall mechanical properties of the hydrogels [20]. According to the rheological and mechanical test, Yu et al demonstrated that the addition of CS material could significantly regulate the printability compared to FGelMa alone, and with the increased concentration of CS material, the mechanical properties increased [36].…”

“…Various types of techniques have been developed to promote angiogenesis for tissue engineering such as controlling pore sizes, pore stiffness, surface topography, modification of biomaterials, and inclusion of endothelial cells or growth factors. Our previous results showed that inclusion of calcium silicate (CS) products into GelMa were able to enhance angiogenesis via increasing the secretion of VEGF from fibroblasts [20]. In fact, CS is the bioceramic that is always used as an endodontics material for root repair [21].…”

Bidirectional Differentiation of Human-Derived Stem Cells Induced by Biomimetic Calcium Silicate-Reinforced Gelatin Methacrylate Bioink for Odontogenic Regeneration

“…Previously, we successfully fabricated Si-infused GelMa hydrogels. The results showed that these Si-infused GelMa hydrogels were superior to pure GelMa hydrogels in both in vitro and in vivo studies [15]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no studies reporting on GelMa in combination with CS powder for use in odontogenesis.…”

“…An ideal scaffold should be non-toxic, yet bioactive, and most importantly, it should be able to provide a 3D microenvironment similar to native tissues that supports cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation [12][13][14]. In recent years, several studies demonstrated that the microenvironment of a 3D hydrogel is closer to the real situation than the 2D culture method because it can improve the proliferation and differentiation functions during the cell culture process [15]. Prescott et al fabricated a hDPSCs-encapsulated collagen I hydrogel with a growth factor dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) that induced formation of dental pulplike tissues from hDPSCs [16].…”

Bead‐free and tough electrospun PCL/gelatin/PGS ternary nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering application

“…Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the successful regeneration of the nerve tissue 1–3 to provide a suitable environment for cell attachment, growth, and proliferation of cells 4 . The electrospinning method is one of the most effective ways to mimic the native ECM by means of the preparation of nanofibrous scaffolds 5–7 due to interconnected porous morphology, 8 modulated fiber diameter and pore size and the ultrahigh surface to volume ratio.…”