Calcium‐vitamin <scp>D</scp>‐fortified milk is as effective on circulating bone biomarkers as fortified juice and supplement but has less acceptance: a randomised controlled school‐based trial

Neyestani, Tirang R.; Hajifaraji, Majid; Omidvar, Nasrin; Eshraghian, M R; Shariátzadeh, Nastaran; Kalayi, Ali; Khalaji, Niloufar; Zahedirad, Maliheh; Abtahi, Mitra; Asadzadeh, Sepideh

doi:10.1111/jhn.12191

Cited by 34 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…We identified 4 studies conducted in children and adolescents [24–28]. Two studies were from Iran [27, 28], one study from Lebanon [24] and one study from Israel [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies were from Iran [27, 28], one study from Lebanon [24] and one study from Israel [26]. The four studies were conducted in healthy school children, girls and boys, and the range of mean age of participants was 9.8–16.6 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The baseline mean 25(OH)D level ranged between 7.9 and 25 ng/ml (Table 1, Appendix 2). The vitamin D assay used was high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in one study [28], and immune-assays were used in the other three [24, 26, 27]. Concomitant calcium supplementation was administered in one study [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vitamin D assay used was high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in one study [28], and immune-assays were used in the other three [24, 26, 27]. Concomitant calcium supplementation was administered in one study [28]. Compliance with vitamin D supplementation was described in one study only, ranging between 97–98% in the low, intermediate, and placebo arms [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compliance with vitamin D supplementation was described in one study only, ranging between 97–98% in the low, intermediate, and placebo arms [24]. The reported rates of loss to follow up were less than 15% in three studies [24, 27, 28], and no loss to follow up was reported in one study [26]. The risk of bias assessed by the Cochrane Tool was judged as high in the trial by Neyestani et al (mostly related to inadequate allocation concealment and performance bias) [28], unclear in the trials by Ghazi et al [27] and Mayan et al [26], and low in the trial by El Hajj Fuleihan et al [24, 25], respectively (Figure 2A, Appendix 3A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D replacement in children, adolescents and pregnant women in the Middle East and North Africa

et al. 2017

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Introduction Hypovitaminosis D affects one-third to two-thirds of children and pregnant women from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Objective To evaluate in infants, children, adolescents and pregnant women, from the MENA region, the effect of supplementation with different vitamin D doses on the change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level reached, and other skeletal and non-skeletal outcomes. Methods This is a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation conducted in the MENA region. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in 7 databases, without language or time restriction, until November 2016. Two reviewers abstracted data from the included studies, independently and in duplicate. We calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI of 25(OH)D level reached when at least 2 studies were eligible in each comparison (low (< 800 IU), intermediate (800–2,000 IU) or high (> 2,000 IU) daily dose of vitamin D, or placebo). We pooled data using RevMan version 5.3. Results We identified a total of 15 eligible trials: one in infants, 4 in children and adolescents and 10 in pregnant women. In children and adolescents, an intermediate vitamin D dose (1,901 IU/d), resulted in a mean difference in 25(OH)D level of 13.5 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 8.1;18.8) ng/ml, compared to placebo, favoring the intermediate dose (p < 0.001). The proportion of children and adolescents reaching a 25(OH)D level ≥ 20 ng/ml was 74% in the intermediate dose group. In pregnant women, four trials started supplementation at 12–16 weeks of gestation and continued until delivery, and six trials started supplementation at 20–28 weeks gestation and stopped it at delivery. The MD in 25(OH)D level reached was 8.6 (95% CI 5.3–11.9) ng/ml (p <0.001) comparing the high dose (3,662 IU/d) to the intermediate dose (1,836 IU/d), and 12.3 (95% CI 6.4–18.2) ng/ml (p <0.001), comparing the high dose (3,399 IU/d) to the low dose (375 IU/d). Comparing the intermediate (1,832 IU/d) to the low dose (301 IU/d), the MD in 25(OH)D level achieved was 7.8 (95% CI 4.5–10.8) ng/ml (p < 0.001). The proportion of pregnant women reaching a 25(OH)D level ≥ 20 ng/ml was 80–90%, 73% and 27–43% in the high, intermediate, and low dose groups, respectively. The risk of bias in the included studies, for children, adolescents and pregnant women, ranged from low to high. Conclusion In children, adolescents and pregnant women from the MENA, an intermediate vitamin D dose of 1,000–2,000 IU seems necessary to allow for the majority of the population to reach a desirable 25(OH)D level of 20 ng/ml. Further high quality RCTs are required to confirm/refute the beneficial impact of vitamin D supplementation on various clinically important outcomes.

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“…We identified 4 studies conducted in children and adolescents [24–28]. Two studies were from Iran [27, 28], one study from Lebanon [24] and one study from Israel [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%