Calciuria in children with primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in healthy pediatric population ranges from 3.0% to 7.0%. There is insufficient data about IH in children with mono-symptomatic enuresis. The aim of this study was to examine calcium excretion in urine (UCa) in patients with primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). Methods: In patients with PMNE, aged 5 to 17 years, IH was determined in 24-h urine and from second morning spot urine. The completeness of the 24-h urine collections was estimated via measuring 24h-urine creatinine excretion (UCr) of 0.1-0.2 mmol/kg/24h. Results: Sixty patients with PMNE, 32 males and 28 girls, median age of 9 years were enrolled in the study. Only 41.7% patients successfully completed 24 h urine collection. IH, defined as 24-h UCa > 0.1 mmol/kg body weight, was diagnosed in 12% of the patients, while when defined as UCa/UCr > 0.8 mmol/mmol in children 5-7 years and > 0.6 mmol/mmol in those > 7 years, IH was 8.3% and 6.7% from 24h-urine and spot urine, respectively. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with PMNE are in risk of hypercalciuria. Therefore, it is useful to examine 24 hours of urine calcium excretion in these patients.

Bosna i Hercegovina u udžbenicima historije u Republici Sjevernoj Makedoniji

“…Čak i J. Tomić navodi da se jedinci nisu regrutovali, 51 kao ni oni što su učili zanat. 52 Oženjeni se također nisu regrutirali, tako da je mnogo logičnije, ukoliko ne želite da vaše dijete obuhvati regrutacija, da ga pratite na zanat ili mladog da ga oženite. 53 Devširme je bila dobro smišljena akcija, prema tačno utvrđenim kriterijima, a podršku za školovanje je dobijao tačno utvrđen broj djece iz svake administrativne cjeline.…”