Calciuric effects of protein and potassium bicarbonate but not of sodium chloride or phosphate can be detected acutely in adult women and men

Whiting, Susan J.; Anderson, Danielle; Weeks, S J

doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1465

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This beneficial effect of fruits and vegetables is probably due to their high content in potassium and magnesium. In healthy adults, potassium bicarbonate has been shown to be hypocalciuric (Lemann et al, 1993;Sebastian et al, 1994;Whiting et al, 1997) and positively associated with bone health (New et al, 1997;Tucker et al, 1999). However, it is not known whether the effect of potassium salts on calcium excretion, bone and kidney is due to the alkalinization effect of bicarbonate or due to the effect of potassium per se.…”

Section: Impact Of Other Dietary Factors On Bone Health and Kidney Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences

et al. 2011

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High-protein (HP) diets exert a hypercalciuric effect at constant levels of calcium intake, even though the effect may depend on the nature of the dietary protein. Lower urinary pH is also consistently observed for subjects consuming HP diets. The combination of these two effects was suspected to be associated with a dietary environment favorable for demineralization of the skeleton. However, increased calcium excretion due to HP diet does not seem to be linked to impaired calcium balance. In contrast, some data indicate that HP intakes induce an increase of intestinal calcium absorption. Moreover, no clinical data support the hypothesis of a detrimental effect of HP diet on bone health, except in a context of inadequate calcium supply. In addition, HP intake promotes bone growth and retards bone loss and low-protein diet is associated with higher risk of hip fractures. The increase of acid and calcium excretion due to HP diet is also accused of constituting a favorable environment for kidney stones and renal diseases. However, in healthy subjects, no damaging effect of HP diets on kidney has been found in either observational or interventional studies and it seems that HP diets might be deleterious only in patients with preexisting metabolic renal dysfunction. Thus, HP diet does not seem to lead to calcium bone loss, and the role of protein seems to be complex and probably dependent on other dietary factors and the presence of other nutrients in the diet.

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Section: Impact Of Other Dietary Factors On Bone Health and Kidney Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences

et al. 2011

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“…A slight acidosis has been shown not only to stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption [3], but also to decrease renal tubular calcium reabsorption, while the filtered fraction of calcium increases due to a reduction of its binding to albumin. Such considerations may explain the increased urinary calcium loss and decreased bone mineral density observed under a diet rich in animal proteins, known to acidify the urine because of their abundance of sulfur-containing amino acids [12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Similarly, a calciuretic action has been reported for other types of acid load, such as intake of ammonium chloride [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Acids and Alkalis Influence Calcium Retention in Bone

Buclin¹,

Cosma²,

Appenzeller³

et al. 2001

Osteoporosis International

205

170

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The urine-acidifying properties of food constituents depend on their content of non-oxidizable acids or precursors. Acidifying constituents such as animal proteins may negatively affect calcium metabolism and accelerate bone resorption, thus representing an aggravating factor for osteoporosis. This four-period, double-crossover study investigated whether a diet intervention specifically focused on acid load could modify calcium metabolism in humans. Eight healthy volunteers underwent a four-day metabolic preparation with two types of diets, one rich in acid ash-forming nutrients, and one providing base-forming nutrients (including bicarbonate-rich mineral water), both having similar contents of calcium, phosphate, sodium, proteins and calories. On the fourth day, a single oral dose of 1 g calcium was given, either as carbonate or as gluconolactate. Serial blood and urine samples revealed that the diet affected blood pH (average difference 0.014, p=0.002) and urine pH (average difference 1.02, p<0.0001) in the expected direction, but had no influence on the absorption of the calcium supplement. The acid-forming diet increased urinary calcium excretion by 74% when compared with the base-forming diet (p<0.0001), both at baseline and after the oral calcium load, and C-telopeptide excretion by 19% (p=0.01), suggesting a skeletal origin for the excess calcium output. This observation confirms that renally excreted acids derived from food influence calcium metabolism, and that alkalizing nutrients inhibit bone resorption. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of dietary counseling for avoiding diet acids as a preventive measure against osteoporosis.

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“…Numerous studies have reported a positive linear relationship between dietary protein and urinary calcium (Kerstetter & Allen, 1990;Kerstetter et al, 2003;Whiting et al, 1997). The rise in urinary calcium with protein intake has also been observed in more recent studies (Ceglia et al, 2009;Hunt et al, 2009;Jajoo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Urine Calciummentioning

confidence: 60%