The gearbox is an important speed-up component in wind turbine, and the environment in which wind turbine operates is generally harsh. For maintenance and replacement of the gearbox and its difficult operation, it is self-evident that it is important to ensure its reliable operation. Through collecting and analyzing the structural and functional principle of the gearbox and data of common failure modes, the fault tree of the gearbox is established, and failure rate data and corresponding distribution are obtained by manual and data inquiry for each bottom event. Combining Monte Carlo simulation, the reliability curves of each bottom event mode of the gearbox, the gearbox, and important components are solved, and the assumptions of improving the important bottom events are made. By comparing the curves with the previous ones, it is proved that the improvement of important components can effectively improve the system’s reliability.