“…The value of Zk affects the electromagnetic force of the transformer and the voltage fluctuation of the power grid [7]. For a wide range of transformers, the calculation methods for Zk include the magnetic circuit method, magnetic field energy method [8], magnetic leakage method, analytical method and field circuit coupling method [9]- [11]. In [12], a combination of the power method and average geometric distance method was proposed to calculate the short-circuit impedance of transformers.…”