Calculation of AC resistance of single‐layer coils using boundary‐element method

Luo, Yao; Theodoulidis, Theodoros; Zhou, Xinglong; Kyrgiazoglou, Athanasios

doi:10.1049/elp2.12001

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The computation efficiency can be improved further by solving the integrals (32) analytically with the approach given in [ 30 ]. However, more convenient results can be obtained for the evaluation of the integrals.…”

Section: Theory Of the Boundary Element Methods (Bem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Solution of the Electric Field and Dielectrophoresis Force of Electrostatic Traveling Wave System

Luo

Cilliers

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Electrostatic traveling wave (ETW) methods have shown promising performance in dust mitigation of solar panels, particle transport and separation in in situ space resource utilization, cell manipulation, and separation in biology. The ETW field distribution is required to analyze the forces applied to particles and to evaluate ETW design parameters. This study presents the numerical results of the ETW field distribution generated by a parallel electrode array using both the charge simulation method (CSM) and the boundary element method (BEM). A low accumulated error of the CSM is achieved by properly arranging the positions and numbers of contour points and fictitious charges. The BEM can avoid the inconvenience of the charge position required in the CSM. The numerical results show extremely close agreement between the CSM and BEM. For simplification, the method of images is introduced in the implementation of the CSM and BEM. Moreover, analytical formulas are obtained for the integral of Green’s function along boundary elements. For further validation, the results are cross-checked using the finite element method (FEM). It is found that discrepancies occur at the ends of the electrode array. Finally, analyses are provided of the electric field and dielectrophoretic (DEP) components. Emphasis is given to the regions close to the electrode surfaces. These results provide guidance for the fabrication of ETW systems for various applications.

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Section: Theory Of the Boundary Element Methods (Bem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Solution of the Electric Field and Dielectrophoresis Force of Electrostatic Traveling Wave System

Luo

Cilliers

et al. 2023

Micromachines

Self Cite

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“…However, this magnetic energy storage is counterbalanced by losses originating in the series resistance of the windings while subjected to direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). For instance, when subjected to high-frequency excitation using alternating current (AC), inductors incur extra resistive losses in addition to their inherent DC resistance (R dc ) [11][12][13] . Figure 1b shows an electrical model of an inductor that accounts for interwinding capacitance and the frequency-dependent AC resistance (R ac ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Woven Liquid Metals for High-Frequency Stretchable Circuits

Rahman,

Tiwari,

Agnew

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mechanically flexible and stretchable inductive coils are a critical component for enabling communication, sensing, and wireless power transfer capabilities in future wearable electronic devices that conform to the body for healthcare and the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, the mechanical conformability of leading stretchable materials such as liquid metals (LMs) sacrifices electromagnetic performance since conductivity lags behind conventional rigid Cu wires, leading to lossy radio-frequency (RF) characteristics. Here, we present a strategy leveraging multistranded three-dimensional (3D) woven 'litz' transmission lines to amplify the resonant RF performance of LM inductors. Through comprehensive simulations and experiments, we discovered that interwoven LM litz wires boost the Quality Factor (Q) by 80 % compared to standard liquid metal wires. We also demonstrate a fabrication methodology for stretchable coils that retain high Q (>30), outperforming the previously reported LM coils and maintaining 98 % of their wireless transmission efficiency under up to 30 % biaxial strain. Moreover, we showcase the versatility of this approach by 3D printing four-terminal 'choke' inductors optimized for RF filtering and inductance tunability, overcoming the fabrication limitations of traditional planar printed electronics. These results offer valuable insights into the design and implementation of 3D-printed magnetics for a diverse suite of electromagnetic device applications.

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“…For instance, when subjected to high-frequency excitation using alternating current (AC), inductors incur extra resistive losses in addition to their inherent DC resistance (R dc ). [11][12][13] Figure 1b shows an electrical model of an inductor that accounts for interwinding capacitance and the frequency-dependent AC resistance (R ac ). The AC resistance determines the quality (Q) factor of the inductor, which can roughly be considered a ratio of the energy storage to the energy losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Woven Liquid Metals for Radio‐Frequency Stretchable Circuits

Rahman,

Tiwari,

Agnew

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Mechanically flexible and stretchable inductive coils are critical for enabling communication, sensing, and wireless power transfer capabilities in wearable electronics that conform to the body for healthcare and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Leading stretchable conductors such as liquid metals (LMs) offer conformability but sacrifice electromagnetic performance compared with Cu wires, leading to lossy radio‐frequency (RF) characteristics. Here, a strategy leveraging multistranded 3D woven ‘litz’ transmission lines is presented to amplify the resonant RF performance of LM inductors. Through comprehensive simulations and experiments, it is discovered that interwoven LM litz wires boost the Quality Factor (Q) by 80% compared to standard liquid metal wires. A fabrication methodology is also demonstrated for stretchable coils that retain high Q (>30), outperforming the previously reported LM coils and maintaining 98% of their wireless transmission efficiency under up to 30% biaxial strain. Moreover, the versatility of this approach is showcased by 3D printing four‐terminal ‘choke’ inductors optimized for RF filtering and inductance tunability, overcoming the fabrication limitations of traditional planar printed electronics. These results offer valuable insights into the design and implementation of 3D‐printed inductors for a diverse suite of electromagnetic device applications.

show abstract

Calculation of AC resistance of single‐layer coils using boundary‐element method

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Numerical Solution of the Electric Field and Dielectrophoresis Force of Electrostatic Traveling Wave System

Numerical Solution of the Electric Field and Dielectrophoresis Force of Electrostatic Traveling Wave System

3D Woven Liquid Metals for High-Frequency Stretchable Circuits

3D Woven Liquid Metals for Radio‐Frequency Stretchable Circuits

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