Calculation of chloride diffusion coefficients in concrete from ionic migration measurements

Andrade, Carmen

doi:10.1016/0008-8846(93)90023-3

Cited by 540 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The diffusion flux of ion specie in porous media is expressed by the Nernst-Planck equation (Andrade 1993;Díaz et al 2006;Mercado et al 2012;Minagawa et al 2010).…”

Section: Diffusion and Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting I from equation (3) gives the following relation (Andrade 1993). ε: the porosity of porous media, τ: the tortuosity, S: the degree of saturation, m: a constant.…”

Section: Diffusion and Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McCarter et al (2000) reported that the electrical conductivity and permeability and the diffusion coefficient of mortar showed a good correlation, which shows the relationship between the electrical conductivity and other properties of cement-based materials. In addition, there have been many studies investigating the correlation between the electrical conductivity and other properties of concrete (Andrade 1993;Streicher and Alexander 1995;Sánchez et al 2011;Ortega et al 2012;Shi et al 1999;Díaz et al 2006;Mercado et al 2012;Buenfeld and Newman 1987;Shane et al 2000;Vedalakshmi et al 2008;Neithalath and Jain 2010;Minagawa et al 2010). However, most studies have investigated limited ranges of water to cement ratios (W/C 0.4-0.6), and the relationship between the porosity and conductivity of mortar or concrete, which includes the effect of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), was established as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Conductivity and Chloride Ingress in Hardened Cement Paste

Kurumisawa

Nawa

2016

ACT

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The transport properties of hardened cement paste (HCP) have been investigated in many studies; the AC impedance method (ACI) is a non-destructive technique employed for this purpose and has been used in investigations of the electrical characteristic and mass transport properties of HCP. However, there are relatively fewer studies investigating chloride ingress in HCP and using the ACI. In this study, the relationship between the electrical conductivity measured by the ACI and chloride ingress was investigated. Backscattered electron image analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry and water porosity were used to measure the pore structure of HCP, and the chloride ingress depth was measured by an electron probe microanalyzer. There was a high correlation between the porosity and conductivity and between the conductivity and diffusion coefficient of the chloride ions in HCP. This implies that the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions could be estimated by the conductivity measurements.

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“…The diffusion flux of ion specie in porous media is expressed by the Nernst-Planck equation (Andrade 1993;Díaz et al 2006;Mercado et al 2012;Minagawa et al 2010).…”

Section: Diffusion and Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting I from equation (3) gives the following relation (Andrade 1993). ε: the porosity of porous media, τ: the tortuosity, S: the degree of saturation, m: a constant.…”

Section: Diffusion and Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Conductivity and Chloride Ingress in Hardened Cement Paste

Kurumisawa

Nawa

2016

ACT

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“…The total mass flux of ions through a porous material under the combined effect of diffusion, advection and electromigration, J, is given by adding together their respective fluxes [20]:…”

Section: Total Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination of porous building materials by electrokinetics: an NMR study

et al. 2011

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This article presents the first non destructive measurements of salt ions transport through fired-clay brick during electrokinetic desalination using nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The effect of the strength of an applied electric field on the migration of salt ions is examined by varying the electrical potential gradients from 0.75-2 V cm -1 across the specimens. The measurements show that for electrokinetic to exceed ion transport by diffusion a minimum level of applied voltage is necessary. Below this threshold salt transport by diffusion is dominant over electromigration. The effect of advection on the salt transport is studied by introducing a hydraulic gradient across the specimen. The results show that advection is a major transport process in the materials studied. To assess the relative magnitude of the various active transport processes during electrokinetic desalination, a scale analysis on the basis of dimensionless numbers is presented. The value of these numbers determines which transport mechanism will dominate the desalination process in a given sample length and time scale.

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“…In order to improve the durability properties related to chloride ion penetration in various concrete members, considerable improvement methods have been proposed, such as using recycled aggregate concrete (Ryu, 2002;Ann et al, 2008;Vázquez et al, 2014); reducing water/binder ratio (e.g., Andrade, 1993;Ryu, 2002;Oh et al, 2002); using some supplementary cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag (Oh et al, 2002;Hooton, 2002), spent cracking catalyst (Zornoza et al, 2009), fly ash (Dhir, 1999;Oh et al, 2009), silica fume (Alexander et al, 1999;Oh et al, 2009), Korean Metakaolin binders (Kim et al, 2007), ground granulate blast-furnace slag (Yeau et al, 2005), volcanic ash (Hossain and Lachemi, 2004) nano-particles (He and Shi, 2008;Zhang and Li, 2011) and silica rice husk (Otsuki et al, 2003;Cordeiro et al, 2009;Abu et al, 2010); adjusting the fineness of fly ash (Chindaprasirt et al, 2007) and maximum size of aggregate (Mehta and Monteiro, 2006); However, these endeavors also could bring some negative impacts. For example, added admixtures could produce potential unsafety or different internal stress, and lower water/cement ratio maybe will make concrete more easily generate initial shrinkage cracks etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of sulphoaluminate cement to repair deteriorated concrete members in chloride ion rich environment-A basic experimental investigation of durability properties

Cai

Zhao

2016

KSCE J Civ Eng

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This paper presents a basic experimental investigation of the durability properties of Sulphoaluminate cement concrete (SACC) and Portland Cement Concrete (PCC). It is to discuss the potential application of Sulphoaluminate cement towards the repair of deteriorated concrete members in chloride ion-rich environment such as coastal engineering, using a SACC repair layer with higher strength than original damaged concrete. The chloride-related durability properties of SACCs were comprehensively studied through some experiments including concrete internal chloride ion content test, chloride ion migration test, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and pore structure analysis, when compared with the results of PCCs that have same mix proportion and curing conditions. The analyses and comparisons presented in this paper verified the SACC repair layer has high early strength and chloride-related durability which will effectively improve the capacity of damaged concrete to resist chloride ion penetration. When without any admixtures, compared with PCCs' results, SACCs can provide more compactness hardened internal structures, more micro fillers between internal cracks and more favorable hydration products to bond/resist chloride ions, as well as can also provide lower porosity and more winding pore passageway to resist and postpone the transportation of chloride ion in the concretes. Based on the investigation, the chemical and physical mechanisms of SACC were discussed.

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Calculation of chloride diffusion coefficients in concrete from ionic migration measurements

Cited by 540 publications

References 17 publications

Electrical Conductivity and Chloride Ingress in Hardened Cement Paste

Electrical Conductivity and Chloride Ingress in Hardened Cement Paste

Desalination of porous building materials by electrokinetics: an NMR study

Application of sulphoaluminate cement to repair deteriorated concrete members in chloride ion rich environment-A basic experimental investigation of durability properties

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