Calculation of Gamma-Ray Buildup Factors Including the Contribution of Bremsstrahlung

Kuspa, John Paul; Tsoulfanidis, Nicholas

doi:10.13182/nse73-a23294

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Unfortunately, the mid-square algorithm does not lend itself well to theoretical analysis. Lehmer's (1951) 'multiplicative congruential' method of generating pseudorandom number sequences, on the other hand, does not suffer from this deficiency and is amenable to analysis. The following numerical example illustrates how the multiplicative congruential method works.…”

Section: 1 Random Number Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo principles and applications

Raeside

1976

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192

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Section: 1 Random Number Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo principles and applications

Raeside

1976

pmb

192

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“…Because of the large number of collisions that would be required for such a photon to reduce its energy from 1461 to less than 25 keV, and because of the increasing predominance of photoelectric over Compton events with decreasing energy, this may not cause too significant a contribution. However, external bremsstrahlung produced by the associated Compton electrons may be significant at low energies (Kuspa and Tsoulfanidis 1973). These effects are currently under investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Secondly, because the potassium is distributed in muscle, external bremsstrahlung (EB) forming a similar continuum, will be produced as the emitted beta particles are brought to rest in the surrounding medium (Evans 1955, Petterson 1965, Schopper 1966. Two further sources of low-energy photons may arise from the emission of the 1461 keV gamma-ray, namely by multiple Compton scattering down to low energies, and by the production of EB by the Compton electrons thereby produced (Kuspa and Tsoulfanidis 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bremsstrahlung production by potassium-40 in muscle

Graham¹

1983

Phys. Med. Biol.

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The bremsstrahlung spectrum produced when 1320 keV beta particles, emitted by the naturally occurring isotope 40K, are absorbed in muscle has been calculated. With reference to the external measurement of 239Pu in the lung using the 17 keV U L x-rays, a simple model was used to estimate the number of bremsstrahlung photons with energies between 12 and 25 keV that would emerge from the chest wall of a normal subject. This was calculated to be 3 min-1 for a detection area of 628 cm2, although internal bremsstrahlung may increase this to 4 min-1. The latter figure is a factor of approximately three lower than the counting rate observed when a pair of phoswich NaI detectors of the same total area are placed over an average subject. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

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“…In particular, the inclusion of the bremsstrahlung has great influence on resulting buildup factors and energy spectra for high energy photons in materials of high atomic number c 2 J- (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-ray energy spectrum calculations for plane perpendicular incident source including annihilation and bremsstrahlung photons.

Takeuchi

Tanaka²

1984

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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The energy spectra of r-rays in water, concrete, iron and lead are calculated by PALLAS-PL, SP-Br code for the plane perpendicular incidence. The calculation takes into account both annihilation and bremsstrahlung photons as well as Compton scattered ones as the secondary source.Comparisons of energy spectra calculated by PALLAS were made with those of the moments method in water, iron and lead. In the PALLAS calculation the bremsstrahlung is neglected for the source energy of 6 MeV in iron because the influence of the bremsstrahlung on the energy spectrum is considered to increase for high energy photons. While for the case of inclusion of the bremsstrahlung source, a comparison of PALLAS calculations with experiments is made in transmitted dose through lead for a plane perpendicular 8-MeV source, resulting in good agreement.Several examples of the calculated energy spectra in each material are presented at penetration distances of 0.5-, 1.0-, 2.0-, 4.0-, 7.0-, 10.0-, 20.0-and 40.0-mfp in 43 mfp depth for source energies of 0.1~15.0 MeV.

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Calculation of Gamma-Ray Buildup Factors Including the Contribution of Bremsstrahlung

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Monte Carlo principles and applications

Monte Carlo principles and applications

Bremsstrahlung production by potassium-40 in muscle

Gamma-ray energy spectrum calculations for plane perpendicular incident source including annihilation and bremsstrahlung photons.

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