Calculation of Nonlinear Stiffness of Rubber Pad under Different Temperatures and Prepressures

Xu, Chuanbo; Chi, Maoru; Dai, Liangcheng; Guo, Zhaotuan

doi:10.1155/2020/8140782

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In general, the deformation of the rail pads increased as the temperature increased. This in line with the results of Xu et al [45] and Liu et al [46]. From the observation, deformation of the EVA material increased gradually as temperature increased over the entire range of 0-60 °C.…”

Section: Effect On Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing the nonlinear static stiffness of rail pad using finite element method

Othman¹,

Wahab²,

Hadi³

et al. 2022

J. vibroeng.

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The unintended vibrations and sound emerging from train operation have an enormous impact on the surroundings, including the deterioration of the way, buildings, and structures. One proposed strategy to mitigate this issue is the installation of a rail pad inserted between the steel rail and concrete sleeper to provide flexibility to the track and cushion the shocks and vibrations generated by the train wheels’ movement. These materials have nonlinear, dissipative properties influenced by service conditions like temperature and toe load. This work aimed to investigate the static stiffness of different materials of the rail pad under the influence of temperature and toe load. The rail pads were categorized as soft, medium, or hard based on static stiffness. A 3D model of the rail pad, steel rail, and concrete sleeper was simulated and analyzed using ANSYS FEM software. The neo-Hookean model was used to model the rail pad, and the isotropic elasticity model was used for the steel rail and concrete sleeper. The static stiffness of the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) pad was 85.42 kN/mm, lower than that of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs, 138.98 kN/mm) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA, 303.70 kN/mm) under reference conditions (20 °C), without including toe load effects. Increasing the temperature decreased the rail pad’s static stiffness, with the highest reduction of 53.49 %. However, increasing the toe load contributed up to a 23.53 % increase in the static stiffness of the rail pad.

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Section: Effect On Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing the nonlinear static stiffness of rail pad using finite element method

Othman¹,

Wahab²,

Hadi³

et al. 2022

J. vibroeng.

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show abstract

“…• Temperature is another variable influencing the dynamic behaviour of rubber. [7][8][9][10][11] It also conditions the deterioration of its properties. • Variation with time and ageing: the deterioration of rubber depends on its working conditions but also on time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creep is the irrecoverable residual deformation that remains in a component after being subjected to a constant stress for a period of time, while recovery is the measure of the original dimension recovery of the rubber after strain release.• Temperature is another variable influencing the dynamic behaviour of rubber. 7–11 It also conditions the deterioration of its properties.• Variation with time and ageing: the deterioration of rubber depends on its working conditions but also on time. Moreover, it is already difficult from the manufacturing process to control the properties of rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A condition monitoring approach for the detection of defects in the primary suspension of railway vehicles

Erdozain,

Alonso,

Nieto

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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This work presents the main problems in the primary suspension of metro vehicles and a methodology to detect those using wayside systems. The primary suspension is usually based on rubber elements, which are space saving and have damping properties. However, rubber characteristics change with time, often in a different way in each element. Differences between elements can cause irregular transmission of loads to the wheels, and thus, a reduction or loss of guidance forces. The ageing of rubber can also lead to a general stiffening of the primary suspension, which increases the risk of derailment. This paper presents a wayside system that uses a few strain gauge bridges to detect those problems independently of the vehicle load and speed. Firstly, the system is developed by means of a multibody model. Secondly, a demonstrator is installed in an operating metro exploitation. Finally, the accuracy of the predictions is proven by testing some of the elements in the laboratory.

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“…Where: P specific power, ω is frequency, ε A is strain percentage and E 00 is loss modulus. 38 The relationship between Young's modulus and the temperature of rubber was studied, and the quantitative relationship between them was determined by Xu et al 39 Elastomeric pads used with the three-piece freight bogies are sand-witch shaped and consist of three metal plates having rubber/elastomeric elements in between. It has been observed that the sand-witch design of the EM pad meets the desired deflection characteristics in static conditions but in long continuous service, the pad exhibits excessive movement between the top and bottom plates due to softening of the rubber element at elevated temperatures as a result of hysteresis heat generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability analysis based on load spectrum: A structural improvement of Indian Railways three-piece freight bogie elastomeric pad

Shukla,

Thaplyal,

Gautam

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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Dynamic characteristics and reliability of elastomeric pads are dominant components in the design methodology to satisfy the performance parameters under dynamic operations. The fatigue life of rubber pads fitted with elastomeric pads mainly depends upon elastomers; natural rubber, chloroprene, nitrile butadiene, silicon compounds, etc., additives, accelerators, activators, fillers, anti-degradants, and manufacturing processes. The performance of the elastomeric pad is evaluated based on service operation, simulation, and laboratory testing. New and failed elastomeric (EM) pads have been examined in the Indian Rubber Manufacturer’s Research Association IRMRA laboratory for detailed failure analysis of existing EM pads. Further, chemical and physical properties are also evaluated in M&C (Metallurgical and Chemical) and Testing Directorate of Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO), labs respectively. The fatigue life of the EM pad is estimated based on the results extracted from the Finite Element (FE) analysis of the EM pad. An attempt is made to modify the design of the EM pad by considering the results of detailed field trials, lab testing, and FE analysis. The modified design satisfies the dynamic characteristic during FE (Structural and Thermal) analysis and lab testing.

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Calculation of Nonlinear Stiffness of Rubber Pad under Different Temperatures and Prepressures

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Assessing the nonlinear static stiffness of rail pad using finite element method

Assessing the nonlinear static stiffness of rail pad using finite element method

A condition monitoring approach for the detection of defects in the primary suspension of railway vehicles

Reliability analysis based on load spectrum: A structural improvement of Indian Railways three-piece freight bogie elastomeric pad

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