Calculation of partial safety factors

Poutanen, Tuomo

doi:10.1201/b11332-153

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Equations are given which can be used to calculate load combinations of single loads and load groups using various assumptions [5,6,16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dependent load combination is obtained by adding up the distributions by fractiles or more simply the cumulative distribution of the DLC is obtained by using recursive equation [5,6,16]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the combination load distribution is obtained by adding up the partial loads by fractiles. The convolution equation can also be used given with a constraint that the combination load distribution crosses the crossing point of the partial distributions [6]. In the DLC no load reduction appears.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent

2021

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This study concerns the combination of the permanent and the variable loads in the structural design. The Eurocodes are used as a reference. Three new findings are presented: (1) In each physical structure, and in every load pair of the permanent load and the variable load, the maximum variable load is the service time load, the 50-year load, i.e., the high value of the variable load. Therefore, no load reduction should be applied in the combination. (2) The governing hypothesis is the independent load combination (ILC) with random load pairs and random single loads. However, the load pairs are not independent as normally one variable load occurs simultaneously in multiple structures and in multiple load pairs inducing correlation between the loads, ultimately full correlation, and the dependent load combination (DLC). (3) In the current Eurocodes, the design load combination applies to one load pair only. However, one design load combination virtually always applies to multiple load pairs which demands using the DLC. The authors have explained earlier that the permanent and variable loads should be combined dependently as the ILC contradicts the physics. The new findings support this conclusion. Changing the current codes towards the DLC approach would simplify them and eases their use in the structural design work.

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“…Equations are given which can be used to calculate load combinations of single loads and load groups using various assumptions [5,6,16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent

2021

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“…The governing assumption for the combination of permanent and variable loads is the independent load combination and semi-probabilistic mathematics [1-3,7-17]. The authors have disclosed a new simple procedure and equations for combining permanent and variable loads independently [18,19]. These equations are modified here for the test loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These equations are modified here for the test loading. In the authors' opinion, the loads should be combined dependently [18,20]. The test loading equations are presented here for the dependent load combination as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test Loading of Structures with a Suspect Resistance

2021

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The reliability of load-bearing structures is normally secured through codes, a competent structural design and proper execution inspection. Alternatively, the reliability can be obtained via skilled test loading, which is a feasible technique both in the construction of new structures and in the load-bearing verification of existing ones. Although the current codes lack instructions for test loading, they are, however, used in special cases; for example, when the reliability of the structures is doubtful due to a defect, or when the structure is suspected to have especially high resistance variability. Test loading involves significant research questions that need to be addressed, including: What is the test load in comparison with the expected maximum service time load or the characteristic load? How can the instantaneous test load be compared with the actual long-term service-time load? Does the test loading harm the structure, and what is the target reliability in the test loading calculation? In this paper, we approach these questions from a theoretical point of view and propose how a suitable test load can be chosen in practice using an approximate and a precise approach.

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Variable Load Distribution

Poutanen¹

2014

Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk

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Calculation of partial safety factors

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent

Combination of Permanent and Variable Load Is Dependent

Test Loading of Structures with a Suspect Resistance

Variable Load Distribution

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