Calculation of radionuclide production cross sections with FLUKA and their application in high energy hadron collider studies

Abstract

Abstract. An overview is given of the models implemented in FLUKA which describe the production of radionuclides. Cross sections are calculated for hadron-induced reactions on materials used in the construction of accelerators from threshold up to energies of several TeV. The results form a database which is validated against experimental data. Dedicated activation measurements performed at an high-energy hadron accelerator complement the verification and confirm the accuracy of the FLUKA predictions. Finally, the importance of such a database is underlined with examples from radiological studies performed for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

The fingerprint method for characterization of radioactive waste in hadron accelerators

“…If condition (6) is met, expression (9) leads to e corr ¼ 1 and expression (7), (8) and (10), (11) are identical.…”

“…Errors are also due to the lack of precise information about the material and the simplifications used in the method. The accuracy of FLUKA in the treatment of material activation has been verified in previous studies [8] with dedicated experiments involving samples of wellknown material composition, precise irradiation conditions and exact implementation of the geometry in FLUKAall conditions which are seldom met by historic waste.…”

“…The program reads an input file with the following information: (1) target number, (2) years from last irradiation, (3) number of primary protons, (4) activity of the Al sample, (5) activity of Cu sample, (6) weight of the items in the category ''Aluminium'', (7) weight of Cu components, (8) weight of the ''Other Metal'', (9) weight of ''Ceramics'', (10) weight of the container, (11) weight of the source, (12) type of source, (13) weight of the target core and (14) chemical formula of the target core material. Depending on the source type and core material, the program reads the generic fingerprints and applies the formulae given in the previous sections.…”