“…Usually the charging/discharging process of porous electrode is a ected by the distribution of pore sizes, length, shape, and roughness of the surface. Also, by adopting the TL model, various modifications, including charge transfer reactions, resistance of electrode material, potential, and concentration gradient inside pore and morphological features, namely, pore shapes, − length, sizes, and distributions, , pore with fractal structures (in micro-, meso-, and macropore), − bimodal pores, and for hierarchical nanostructures are developed. However, the application of TL model and its variants to understand the impedance spectra of hierarchical porous electrode still remains unclear as there is no clear relation of ion transport in micro-, meso-, and macroscales.…”