Calculation of the Theoretical Energy Requirement for Melting Technical Silicate Glasses

Abstract

The theoretical energy requirement (TER) for the fusion of batch samples of flat and container glasses was determined by using the drop-mixing method. The TER values obtained from this study have been compared to values derived from other models; a deviation of up to 8% was observed. This comparison suggested no significant difference between the experimental results and those derived from the different models. A new procedure for the TER determination was developed. The TER value obtained from this procedure showed deviations of <2%.

Strategies for the Numerical Modelling of Regenerative Pre-heating Systems for Recycled Glass Raw Material

“…Assuming that in a generic glass furnace 356 tons/day (or 4.12 [kg/s]) of raw material to melt are introduced and that a generic glass bath absorbs 8.3 [MW] [23], the percentage variations of the fuel massflow rate can be predicted; consequently the economical effects on the furnace management can be estimated. Assuming that the percentage of recycled material is in the range 20 and 80 %, the impact on fuel is predicted accordingly in Table 3, for all the cases previously simulated.…”

“…From this analysis it is clear that raw material with high equivalent thermal diffusivity, is preferable. With the estimated fuel consumption from an average furnace [23] giving an annual cost of the order 14 M€, a cost increase of 70 k€ with respect to baseline solution is expected with solution C1.…”

Bubble transport in three-dimensional laminar gravity-driven flow – numerical results

“…The raw batch material leading to a glassmelt of composition of 74SiO 2 -16Na 2 O-10CaO (mol%) is introduced into the tank at a rate _ m b of 356 tons/day (or 4.12 kg/s) in the form of a loose blanket covering the entire width of the tank. Since about 200 kg of gases are produced per ton of batch introduced [27], the corresponding glass production rate (pull rate) _ m pull is 297 tons/day (or 3.347 kg/ s) of molten glass.…”

“…The energy DH melt required to bring the batch from room temperature (320 K) to clear molten glass and the melting temperature T melt were taken equal to 2200 kJ/ kg and 1450 K, respectively [28]. A linear decrease of the glassmelt velocity at the batch/glassmelt interface from 0.2 cm/s where the batch enters the furnace to zero at the tip of the batch blanket was chosen to simulate the fact that the batch blanket becomes thinner and less compact from the loading end to the tip.…”

Effects of d0 and s2 cations on optical properties of silicate glasses

“…The weight restricts exploitation of portable off grid PV modules, and the volume of glass used bears an environmental and energy cost. To melt 1 kg of soda lime silica glass at 1450°C 49 requires 2500 -2800 kJ, depending on composition and furnace type [66]. These factors result in the glass cover layer constituting between 20-30% of the price of a solar module [9] shown in Table 1.…”