Calculations of interactions of gas bubbles with glass liquids containing sulphates

Diffusion and Redox Reactions of Sulfur in Silicate Melts

“…This reaction includes extraction of Na 2 O and/or CaO from the melt and, hence, induces a flux of these components to the melt surface, as observed already by Brückner (1962). A model to describe the interaction between sulfate-bearing melts and SO 2 -bearing bubbles was proposed by Nemec and Ullrich (1998).…”

“…However, data from Nemec and Mühlbauer (1981) and Klouzek and Nemec (1995) based on sulfur exchange between a gas phase and silicate melts are also one order of magnitude higher than the Eyring diffusivity. Hence, the kinetics of exchange of sulfur components between gases and silicate melts might be affected by other processes, i.e., the interface reaction (Brückner 1962;Nemec 1980a,b: Nemec andUllrich 1998) and/or micro-convection near the melt surface.…”

Gaseous Sulfate Solubility in Glass: Experimental Method

“…If specific values of are desired, then several fixed values of SO 2 may be necessary to keep the SO 2 :O 2 ratio reasonable and within the optimum performance range of the mass flow controllers (MFC). Varying the SO 2 :O 2 ratio significantly from 2:1 will increase the time required to reach saturation as reported by Holmquist and others (Nemec and Ullrich 1998;Holmquist 1966). Table 5 shows select values of SO 3 calculated for several fixed values of SO 2 that span a typical experimental range with controllable partial pressures and a near 2:1 ratio of SO 2 to O 2 .…”

In situ observation and numerical simulation of bubble behavior in CaO-SiO2 based slag during isothermal and nonisothermal processes

“…Due to the high temperature gradient between the liquid and mold, the maximum cooling rate of molten slag may exceed 50 K/s [18]. Because the diffusion coefficient, gas solubility, and viscosity of liquid change with decreasing temperature [19], the rate of mass transfer between gas and liquid during cooling process may be different from the bubble behavior in isothermal process. As the solidified layer evolves, the cooling rate of the liquid near the interface between the solid phase and the liquid phase decreases with the increase of the thickness of the solidified layer.…”

“…The flow chart of calculations is shown in Fig. 7, and the data used in calculations are listed in Table 3 and Table 4 [19,30,31] When the temperature decreases below the solidification temperature of molten slag, the solid slag film begins to form, and part of radiative energy is reflected by the solidified layer. Meanwhile, the heat resistance of conductive heat transfer increases with time due to the growth of air gap between the solidified layer and the detector, leading to the decrease of total heat flux after 6 s. In the later stage of solidification, the interface between the two phases moves slowly with time, and the heat transfer process enters the quasi-steady state.…”