Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis sp. nov. and Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis sp. nov., two extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic, anaerobic bacteria from Kamchatka thermal springs

Miroshnichenko, M. L.; Kublanov, Ilya V.; Kostrikina, N. A.; Tourova, T. P.; Колганова, Т. В.; Birkeland, Nils-Kåre; Bonch-Osmolovskaya, E. A.

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65236-0

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A number of isolated strains of Caldicellulosiruptor have been described thus far, with several organisms originating from Icelandic hot springs (3,14,17,18); the geothermal region of Kamchatka (15,24); thermal features in New Zealand (19); and solar-heated freshwater ponds in Owens Valley, CA (9). The environmental parameters for growth appear to be fairly uniform for these organisms which prefer circumneutral to slightly alkaline pH and temperatures ranging from 60 to 83°C.…”

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Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic, Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park

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Mosher

Vishnivetskaya

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A novel, obligately anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium, designated OB47 T , was isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park, WY. The isolate was a nonmotile, non-spore-forming, Grampositive rod approximately 2 m long by 0.2 m wide and grew at temperatures between 55 and 85°C, with the optimum at 78°C. The pH range for growth was 6.0 to 8.0, with values of near 7.0 being optimal. Growth on cellobiose produced the fastest specific growth rate at 0.75 h ؊1 . The organism also displayed fermentative growth on glucose, maltose, arabinose, fructose, starch, lactose, mannose, sucrose, galactose, xylose, arabinogalactan, Avicel, xylan, filter paper, processed cardboard, pectin, dilute acid-pretreated switchgrass, and Populus. OB47T was unable to grow on mannitol, fucose, lignin, Gelrite, acetate, glycerol, ribose, sorbitol, carboxymethylcellulose, and casein. Yeast extract stimulated growth, and thiosulfate, sulfate, nitrate, and sulfur were not reduced. Fermentation end products were mainly acetate, H 2 , and CO 2 , although lactate and ethanol were produced in 5-liter batch fermentations. The G؉C content of the DNA was 35 mol%, and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene placed OB47 T within the genus Caldicellulosiruptor. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic properties, the isolate is proposed to be designated Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov. and OB47 is the type strain (ATCC BAA-2073).

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Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic, Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park

Hamilton-Brehm

Mosher

Vishnivetskaya

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The genus is globally distributed: species have been isolated from terrestrial geothermal hot springs in Russia (15,18,20), Iceland (3,16), Yellowstone National Park in the United States (9), and New Zealand (17) and, in one case, from solar-heated mud flats in Owens Lake, CA (11). With optimal growth temperatures ranging from 70 to 78°C, the genus Caldicellulosiruptor contains the most thermophilic microorganisms capable of biological cellulose hydrolysis known.…”

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Complete Genome Sequences for the Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic Plant Biomass-Degrading Bacteria Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis , Caldicellulosiruptor kristjanssonii , Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis , Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis , and Caldicellulosiruptor lactoaceticus

et al. 2011

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The genus Caldicellulosiruptor contains the most thermophilic, plant biomass-degrading bacteria isolated to date. Previously, genome sequences from three cellulolytic members of this genus were reported (C. saccharolyticus, C. bescii, and C. obsidiansis). To further explore the physiological and biochemical basis for polysaccharide degradation within this genus, five additional genomes were sequenced: C. hydrothermalis, C. kristjanssonii, C. kronotskyensis, C. lactoaceticus, and C. owensensis. Taken together, the seven completed and one draft-phase Caldicellulosiruptor genomes suggest that, while central metabolism is highly conserved, significant differences in glycoside hydrolase inventories and numbers of carbohydrate transporters exist, a finding which likely relates to variability observed in plant biomass degradation capacity.

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“…Since plant biomass deconstruction could be accelerated at elevated temperatures, thermophilic microorganisms have been considered catalysts for CBP (8). Of particular note in this regard are members of the extremely thermophilic genus Caldicellulosiruptor that inhabit globally diverse, terrestrial hot springs (12,27,56,57,61,69,80,98) and thermally heated mud flats (31). Caldicellulosiruptor species are Gram-positive bacteria and typically associate with plant debris; consequently, all isolates characterized to date hydrolyze certain complex carbohydrates characteristic of plant cell walls (8, 97).…”

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Caldicellulosiruptor Core and Pangenomes Reveal Determinants for Noncellulosomal Thermophilic Deconstruction of Plant Biomass

et al. 2012

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Extremely thermophilic bacteria of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor utilize carbohydrate components of plant cell walls, including cellulose and hemicellulose, facilitated by a diverse set of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). From a biofuel perspective, this capability is crucial for deconstruction of plant biomass into fermentable sugars. While all species from the genus grow on xylan and acidpretreated switchgrass, growth on crystalline cellulose is variable. The basis for this variability was examined using microbiological, genomic, and proteomic analyses of eight globally diverse Caldicellulosiruptor species. The open Caldicellulosiruptor pangenome (4,009 open reading frames [ORFs]) encodes 106 GHs, representing 43 GH families, but only 26 GHs from 17 families are included in the core (noncellulosic) genome (1,543 ORFs). Differentiating the strongly cellulolytic Caldicellulosiruptor species from the others is a specific genomic locus that encodes multidomain cellulases from GH families 9 and 48, which are associated with cellulose-binding modules. This locus also encodes a novel adhesin associated with type IV pili, which was identified in the exoproteome bound to crystalline cellulose. Taking into account the core genomes, pangenomes, and individual genomes, the ancestral Caldicellulosiruptor was likely cellulolytic and evolved, in some cases, into species that lost the ability to degrade crystalline cellulose while maintaining the capacity to hydrolyze amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose. Interest in cellulosic biofuels (29) has sparked efforts to isolate microorganisms capable of both hydrolysis and fermentation of plant biomass, a process referred to as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) (49, 50). Since plant biomass deconstruction could be accelerated at elevated temperatures, thermophilic microorganisms have been considered catalysts for CBP (8). Of particular note in this regard are members of the extremely thermophilic genus Caldicellulosiruptor that inhabit globally diverse, terrestrial hot springs (12,27,56,57,61,69,80,98) and thermally heated mud flats (31). Caldicellulosiruptor species are Gram-positive bacteria and typically associate with plant debris; consequently, all isolates characterized to date hydrolyze certain complex carbohydrates characteristic of plant cell walls (8, 97). As such, members of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor are excellent genetic reservoirs of enzymes for plant biomass degradation and, pending the development of functional genetics systems, are potential metabolic hosts for CBP (9).Currently, there are two main paradigms described for microbial degradation of crystalline cellulose: cellulosomal (3) and noncellulosomal (48, 54). Enzymatically, both systems require the concerted efforts of cellobiohydrolases, endocellulases, and ␤-glucosidases (49). Crystalline cellulose deconstruction via cell membrane-bound cellulosomes was first described in the thermophile Clostridium thermocellum and has since been described in other mesophilic Firmicutes, such as Clostridium cellulolyticum,...

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Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis sp. nov. and Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis sp. nov., two extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic, anaerobic bacteria from Kamchatka thermal springs

Cited by 71 publications

References 14 publications

Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic, Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park

Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic, Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park

Complete Genome Sequences for the Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic Plant Biomass-Degrading Bacteria Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis , Caldicellulosiruptor kristjanssonii , Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis , Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis , and Caldicellulosiruptor lactoaceticus

Caldicellulosiruptor Core and Pangenomes Reveal Determinants for Noncellulosomal Thermophilic Deconstruction of Plant Biomass

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